What causes a tsunami?

What causes a tsunami?

Select one:

a. Lateral displacement of the seafloor

b. Vertical displacement of the water column

c. Lateral displacement of the water column

d. Compressional seismic waves

e. Secondary/Shear waves

What does not lead to an increased magma viscosity?

Select one:

a. A deep mantle source

b. assimilation of silica-rich continental crust

c. removal of iron and magnesium through crystal fractionation (the settling of denser crystals from magma sitting in the chamber beneath the volcano)

d. answers A and C

e. answers B and C

What factors contribute to trends in the occurrence of natural disasters?

Select one:

a. Population Density

b. Regional climate

c. Economic/Political circumstances

d. Geologic setting

e. All of the above

What is the geologic/tectonic setting in East Africa?

Select one:

a. Transform plate boundary

b. Continental rifting

c. Subduction zone

d. Continental Collision

What is the geologic/tectonic setting in Iceland?

Select one:

a. Transform plate boundary

b. Divergent plate boundary and hot spot

c. Ocean to Continental Convergent Plate Boundary

d. Ocean to Ocean Convergent Plate Boundary

What is the geologic/tectonic setting in the San Francisco Bay Area?

Select one:

a. Transform plate boundary/active continental margin

b. Divergent plate boundary/active continental margin

c. Passive continental margin

d. Ocean to Continental Convergent Plate Boundary/active continental margin

What is the volcanic landform that develops from felsic lava oozing out of the ground—often in the crater of another volcano?

Select one:

a. Shield volcano

b. Stratovolcano

c. Cinder cone

d. Lava dome

What is the volcano type built from layers of pyroclastic deposits and lava flows?

Select one:

a. Shield volcano

b. Stratovolcano/Composite cone

c. Cinder cone

d. Lava dome

What is the volcano type that is very large and broad and has gently sloping sides formed from low viscosity lava?

Select one:

a. Shield volcano

b. Stratovolcano/Composite cone

c. Cinder cone

d. Lava dome

e. Maar

What is the volcano type that often forms on the flanks of other volcanoes and is built from little stones (lapilli) created by gas launching lava into the air?

Select one:

a. Shield volcano

b. Stratovolcano

c. Cinder cone

d. Lava dome

What type of fault is a subduction zone?

Select one:

a. normal

b. strike-slip

c. thrust

d. transform

e. sticky-slip

What type of plate boundary is forming the Himalaya Mountains?

Select one:

a. Continent to continent convergent

b. Divergent

c. Ocean to continent convergent

d. Ocean to ocean convergent

e. Transform

What type of plate boundary is Hawaii found on?

Select one:

a. Convergent

b. Not on a plate boundary

c. Divergent

d. Transverse

e. Subvergent

What type of plate boundary is known to create the largest earthquakes?

Select one:

a. Convergent

b. Transform

c. Divergent

d. Transverse

e. Subvergent

What type of tectonic plate boundary exists along the edge of the North American plate near the coast of Northern California, Oregon, and Washington?

Select one:

a. Transform

b. Compressional

c. Convergent

d. Divergent

What type of tectonic plate boundary is the San Francisco Bay Area built on?

Select one:

a. Convergent

b. Transform

c. Divergent

d. Transverse

e. Subvergent

What was surprising or unexpected about the 1980 Mount Saint Helens eruption?

Select one:

a. It was an effusive style eruption.

b. The ash traveled so far from the volcano.

c. It seismically active before the eruption.

d. The blast was directed laterally.

What were the greatest hazards associated with the 1980 Mount Saint Helens eruption?

Select one:

a. lava flows, lava bombs, ash

b. lateral blast, pyroclastic flows, lahars, ash

c. gas explosions, mazukus, bombs, and lapilli

d. fissure eruptions, low viscosity lava flows, gas and lake overturn

What were the greatest hazards associated with the Mount Nyiragongo?

Select one:

a. lava flows, lava bombs, ash

b. lateral blast, pyroclastic flows, lahars, ash

c. gas explosions, mazukus, bombs, and lapilli

d. fissure eruptions, low viscosity lava flows, gas and lake overturn

Which answer is not possible? A large earthquake along the coast of Oregon could ______________________.

Select one:

a. cause a locally generated tsunami to hit the OR. and WA. coast in minutes.

b. be caused by the Cascadian Subduction Zone.

c. cause tsunami waves to hit Hawaii then Japan in 10 minutes.

d. cause tsunami waves to hit Hawaii then Japan in hours.

Which is most vulnerable to tsunami damage?

Select one:

a. A steep coast and steep inland

b. A steep coast and flat inland

c. A shallow coast and steep inland

d. A shallow coast and flat inland

Which of the following provides supporting evidence for the accepted age of the Earth?

Select one:

a. Radiometric dates of ancient sedimentary zircon

b. Radiometric dates of meteorites

c. Solar mass and luminosity

d. Radiometric dates of Lunar samples

e. All of the above

Which type of volcano would be more likely to erupt explosively?

Select one:

a. A very large one that has a very broad gentle slope that looks like a warriors shield from a distance.

b. One that has felsic magma/lava and lots of gas

c. One that has mafic magma/lava and lots of gas

d. Both answers A and C

e. None of the above

Which volcanic hazard will travel the farthest from the vent?

Select one:

a. Volcanic bomb

b. Ash

c. Lahar

d. Pyroclastic flow

Which volcanic hazard will travel the fastest?

Select one:

a. Ash

b. Lahar

c. Lava flow

d. Pyroclastic flow

Which volcanoes tend to have explosive eruptions?

Select one:

a. fissures at divergent zones

b. shield volcanoes

c. stratovolcanoes

d. cinder cones

Which volcanoes tend to have effusive eruptions?

Select one:

a. fissures at divergent zones

b. shield volcanoes

c. stratovolcanoes

d. cinder cones

e. a and b

f. a and c

Why is there a chain of active volcanoes along the coast of N. California, Oregon and Washington?

Select one:

a. continental collision

b. divergent zone

c. hotspot

d. subduction zone

Why would a volcano erupt explosively?

Select one:

a. Low viscosity magma and high water content

b. High viscosity magma and high water content

c. Low viscosity magma and low water content

d. High viscosity magma and low water content

e. It is unknown why

You are a tourist in an active volcanic region. You are out on a hike through the woods on a calm sunny day and you come across a large depression in the ground that has a dead deer and a dead bear at the bottom. The most appropriate action you could take would be to______________.

Select one:

a. turn to your friend and say "oh deer, I could hardly bear the sight" before climbing in for a picture of yourself with the dead animals.

b. make a note of the location and report your findings to the authorities without getting a closer look

c. tell your friend who is in better physical condition to run down there to get you a bear claw as a souvenir.

You're at the coast and you feel a large earthquake. A few minutes later you hear a rumbling sound and a person comes running from the beach shouting—"there is a tidal wave coming!" What is your most appropriate response?

Select one:

a. Argue with that person—tell them you took a class and know that earthquakes don't cause tidal waves.

b. Head down to the beach to have a look.

c. Head immediately for higher ground inland warning people along the way.

d. Finish your coffee and put on your water wings.