What document contains the budget instructions with respect to the federal government?

What document contains the budget instructions with respect to the federal government?

Question 2 options:

a) GAO Circular A-11

b) OMB Circular A-11

c) CBO Circular A-11

d) CRS Circular A-11

What is "program information?"

Question 3 options:

a) Data and measures about the programs carried out by agencies and departments

b) Dialogue in the budget request explaining the mission and goals of programs for which requests for funding are included

c) Testimony about program effectiveness before Congress

d) Pubic information provided about the results of public programs

Match the description with the item of program information on the right

Question 4 options:

Focus is on effectiveness

Measure of immediate products or services provided

Quality of life

Ratio of cost of an activity divided by the output; sometimes called efficiency

Work done to produce outputs

The gap between the level of service provided and how much of the service is needed

1.Social indicators

2.Outcomes

3.Outputs

4.Activities and workload

5.Productivity

6.Need

Which of the following is true of a current services, or baseline, budget?

Question 5 options:

a) It is rebuilt by resetting all program funding to zero each year

b) It assumes this year's budget is the same as last year's with no adjustments for inflation or workload

c) It assumes no change in programs but may increase for workload increases

d) It assumes last year's budget is increased by the rate of inflation

Which of the following statements is correct about performance budgeting?

Question 6 options:

a) It is the oldest type of budgeting, dating back to the 1800s

b) It is focused intently on effectiveness

c) It requires all funding be reset to zero each year

d) It mainly requires the development of workload and unit cost measures

Which of the following statements is true of zero-base budgeting?

Question 7 options:

a) It is the primary budget system used by the federal government

b) Each program is required to justify its existence in every budget cycle

c) It is focused solely on efficiency

d) It is based on last year's budget with no increases for inflation or workload

Which of the following is a reason some governments adopt budget reforms while others do not?

Question 8 options:

a) All of these answers are correct

b) Because of legal requirements

c) Because citizens demand it

d) Because of fiscal stress: the inability to finance all programs at minimum standards

Which of the following statements is true of measuring program results?

Question 9 options:

a) Measuring program results is required of all state governments by federal regulations

b) Even if program goals can be set rather easily, it can be very difficult to determine progress toward those goals

c) Local governments are required to measure program results by state law

d) Measuring program results is easy

Which of the following is an impediment to budget reform?

Question 10 options:

a) The availability of appropriate data

b) The lack of statutory requirements at the federal level

c) An historical pattern of never changing or modifying budget systems

d) The strict separation of missions between various levels of government