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QUESTION

# What is the balanced ionic equation for the reaction of IO3-(aq) with I- in the acidic solution, H+ ?

"IO"_text(3(aq])^(-) + 5"I"_text((aq])^(-) + 6"H"_text((aq])^(+) -> 3"I"_text(2(aq]) + 3"H"_2"O"_text((l])

The iodate, "IO"_3^(-), and iodide, "I"^(-), ions will react in acidic medium to form iodine, "I"_2.

"IO"_text(3(aq])^(-) + "I"_text((aq])^(-) + "H"_text((aq])^(+) -> "I"_text(2(aq]) + "H"_2"O"_text((l])

Right from the start, you can probably tell that this is a disproportionation raction, which a in which the same chemical species is being reduced and oxidized at the same time.

Assign to all the atoms that take part in the reaction

stackrel(color(blue)(+5))("I") stackrel(color(blue)(-2))("O"_3^(-)) + stackrel(color(blue)(-1))("I"^(-)) + stackrel(color(blue)(+1))("H"^(+)) -> stackrel(color(blue)(0))("I"_2) + stackrel(color(blue)(+1))("H"_2) stackrel(color(blue)(-2))("O")

Some of the iodine atoms are being reduced from an oxidation state of +5 to an oxidation state of 0, while other are being oxidized from an oxidation state of -1 to an oxidation state of 0.

The two half-reactions will be

• oxidation half-reaction

2stackrel(color(blue)(-1))("I"^(-)) -> stackrel(color(blue)(0))("I"_2) + 2e^(-)

Each iodine atom loses one electrons, so two iodine atoms will lose 2 electrons.

• reduction half-reaction

2stackrel(color(blue)(+5))("I")"O"_3^(-) + 10e^(-) -> stackrel(color(blue)(0))("I"_2)

Each iodine atom will gain 5 electrons, which means that two iodine atoms will gain a total of 10 electrons* to form "I"_2.

Since you're in acidic solution, use water to balance the oxygen atoms and protons to balance the hydrogen atoms

12"H"^(+) + 2stackrel(color(blue)(+5))("I")"O"_3^(-) + 10e^(-) -> stackrel(color(blue)(0))("I"_2) + 6"H"_2"O"

In any redox reaction, the number of electrons lost in the oxidation half-reaction must be equal to the number of electrons gained in the reduction half-reaction.

This means that you need to multiply the oxidation half-reaction by 5 to get

10"I"^(-) -> 5"I"_2 + 10e^(-)

The two half-reactions will now be

{(10"I"^(-) -> 5"I"_2 + 10e^(-)), (12"H"^(+) + 2"IO"_3^(-) + 10e^(-) -> "I"_2 + 6"H"_2"O") :}

Add the two half-reaction to get

10"I"^(-) + 12"H"^(+) + 2"IO"_3^(-) + color(red)(cancel(color(black)(10e^(-)))) -> 5"I"_2 + color(red)(cancel(color(black)(10e^(-)))) + "I"_2 + 6"H"_2"O"

2"IO"_text(3(aq])^(-) + 10"I"_text((aq])^(-) + 12"H"_text((aq])^(+) -> 6"I"_text(2(aq]) + 6"H"_2"O"_text((l])

The balanced net ionic equation will thus be

"IO"_text(3(aq])^(-) + 5"I"_text((aq])^(-) + 6"H"_text((aq])^(+) -> 3"I"_text(2(aq]) + 3"H"_2"O"_text((l])