What was the Fronde? What were its causes and effects?

A series of civil wars in France lead by the aristocrats to rebel against Mazarin during the early reign of Louis XIV.

The French aristocrats, lead by Gaston of Orleans, wants to constrain the power of the king and the regent Mazarin. So along with the majority of French peoples they seized many cities and regions in bitter battle, but was defeated by the King's force at the end.

This is the last French aristocratic attempt to defeat the king. The war have strengthens the royal power but weakens the economy. Afterwards, Louis XIV's long term reign would be pronoun to absolute monarchy.