When is there not a “one to one correspond between genes and proteins?” Why are males more vulnerable to genetic disorders than females? Which prenatal procedure is the least invasive? Which is

When is there not a “one to one correspond between genes and proteins?”
Why are males more vulnerable to genetic disorders than females?
Which prenatal procedure is the least invasive? Which is the most invasive?
Little Gilbert, a six year old, is active and alert. He loves to explore new experiences. He likes to run, yell, make new friends, play with any animal he sees, asks endless questions, and tries any experiment which comes to mind including seeing if cats can swim. His parents and siblings, however, seem to have a different genetic composition (hint). They are quiet, hate noise, like to sit and read or discuss ideas. Little Gilbert has discovered that the people who live next door love noise, excitement, and have already discovered through experiments that cats have limited appreciation of swimming. He tends to spend a lot of time with his friends next door. What terms should be used to classify the correlation between Little Gilbert and his neighbors?