When Owen smarted off to his parents, his car keys are taken away for a week. As a result, Owen is now less disrespectful to his parents.

When Owen smarted off to his parents, his car keys are taken away for a week. As a result, Owen is now less disrespectful to his parents. The loss of his car keys was ________ for Owen's disrespectful behavior.

Select one:

a. negative punishment

b. positive punishment

c. negative reinforcement

d. positive reinforcement