Which of the following is NOT an example of learning?

Which of the following is NOT an example of learning?

Select one:

a. During dinner, Bud the family dog waits under four-year-old Emma's chair for crumbs to fall.

b. At age three, Emma could not reach the light, but at age four, she can turn it on by herself.

c. Emma decides not to color on the wall after watching her sister get a time-out for doing so.

d. Bud, the family dog, gets excited when he hears his leash rattle as it's taken off the hook.