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Write 12 page essay on the topic Prostate Cancer.Download file to see previous pages... Mortality in such cases is attributed to be a consequence of the adverse effects of treatment rather than cancer
Write 12 page essay on the topic Prostate Cancer.
Download file to see previous pages...Mortality in such cases is attributed to be a consequence of the adverse effects of treatment rather than cancer per se. Hence, treatment is contraindicated in such cases. Compounding this problem is the imaging or scanning of tumours to their exact locations.
In this context, we decided to identify the lacunae in the current management strategies of PC. For the same, a review of literature was done with the key words "Prostate cancer, bladder volume, patient compliance, organ motion, set-up error, UK" in speciality databases like the BiomedCentral (www.biomedcentral.com), Open Access Journal Database (www.openj-gate.com), PubMed (www.pubmed.gov), Science Direct (www.sciencedirect.com) apart from literature search in regular libraries. The results were scanned for relevancy to the present research interests. While a significant amount of work was done the world over in the directions mentioned in the keywords, very little information was available from England. Based on this review, we conclude that perhaps, the higher mortality observed, and attributed because of the failure of treatment on older men, may, in reality and in part, be a consequence of failure to effectively map the exact tumour locations, owing to which targeting the affected tissue may not be achievable, leading to unwarranted adverse consequences.
3D-CRT: Three Dimensional C...
ACT: Functional assessment of cancer therapy. FB: Full-bladder. GTV: Gross Target Volume. GU: genitourinary. HAD: Hospital Anxiety and Depression. HDR: High dose rate. IMRT: Intensity modulated radiation therapy. IPSS: International Prostate Symptom Score. MRC: Medical Research Council. MSKCC: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre. PC: Prostate cancer. PC: Prostate cancer. PET: Positron Emission Tomography. PSA: Prostate specific antigen. PTV: Planning target volume. PVR: post void residual urine. QOL: Quality of Life. RT: Radiotherapy. RTTP: Radiotherapy treatment planning protocols. TVP: Transurethral electro vaporization of the prostate. UK: United Kingdom. Other abbreviations carry their usual significance.
Keywords.
Bladder volume, Organ motion, Patient compliance, Prostate cancer, Set-up error, UK
Introduction.
Defined as the cancer of prostate gland, Prostate Cancer (PC) is the third most common cancer in males, with greater than 50% of the cases being documented in men older than 75 years of age. Approximately, 10000 new cases are diagnosed each year in the United Kingdom (UK). No clear aetiological agent has been identified, although mutations in the BRCA II and pTEN genes are found to be associated with PC. Frequently asymptomatic, patients may show symptoms of prostatism, nocturia, dribbling, increased frequency, with metastatic symptoms like bone pain, etc.
Diagnosis of PC is generally by histology, particularly of a trans-rectal biopsy with the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serving as tumor marker. Radio nucleotide bone scans, MRI, reveal metastases. Because PC affects mostly older men, management of the disease leads to a tricky situation. The elderly patients may die from complications associated with treatment of PC.
