Write 5 pages with APA style on Sex and Sexuality: a Cultural Taboo. It refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of external genital organs for non-medical reasons. It is classified

Write 5 pages with APA style on Sex and Sexuality: a Cultural Taboo. It refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of external genital organs for non-medical reasons. It is classified into four categories: Type I or clitoridectomy, it is a partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce. Type I is subdivided into two: Type 1a which is the removal of clitoral hood or prepuce only, while Type Ib is the removal of the clitoris with the prepuce. Type II or excision is a partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora. It is subdivided into three: Type IIa is the removal of labia minora only, Type IIb is the partial or total removal of the clitoris, and the labia minora and Type IIc is the partial removal of the clitoris together with the labia minora and the labia majora. Type III or infibulations is the narrowing of the vagina. orifice with the creation of covering seal by cutting and positioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision of the clitoris. Type IIIa also subdivided into two: Type IIIa is the removal or apposition of the labia, Type IIIb is the removal or apposition of the labia major, and Type IV: All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for a non-medical purpose, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization (WHO 2008 pp.24).

Female circumcision is a practice widely in Africa, some countries in Asia, the Middle East, and immigrant communities in North America and Europe (WHO 2008). It is practiced and widely accepted by cultural groups and society due to numerous reasons which include health and hygiene benefits, religious, traditional, and gender-related reasons (END FGM 2009 pp.8). Female circumcision marks the sexual debut of a woman. It also promotes identification in the culture or lineage group. Uncircumcised women prohibit in participating ritual rites such as burial rites and preparing food for the male members of the community with the circumcised women. Another reason for female circumcision is family honor, cleanliness because an uncircumcised female is considered unclean and unmarriageable. They also considered it as insurance to virginity and faithfulness (Althus, 1997).