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This table compares the number of deaths in the United States from heart disease to the country's total population over the past six decades. In each year listed on the table, heart disease was the leading cause of death.
(a) Calculate the number of deaths in the United States from heart disease per 100,000 people in 1956 and in 2006; round each figure to the nearest whole number. Provide a likely explanation for the trend in the data from 1956 to 2006.
(b) In the United States in 2006, there were approximately 42,177,000 people aged 15 to 24 and approximately 18,349,000 people aged 75 and up. Of the younger group, approximately 1,050 people died of heart disease; of the older group, approximately 1,076,000 people died of heart disease. Based only on these figures, calculate the respective probabilities in 2006 that a person in each age group in the United States would have died of heart disease; calculate each probability as a percent rounded to the nearest whole number. Provide a likely explanation for the difference in probability between age groups.
(c) Identify and describe one anthropogenic hazard that puts people at greater risk of developing heart disease. Describe a strategy you could implement in your own life for decreasing the risk posed by this hazard.
(d) Describe one way that the United States government could apply the precautionary principle to decrease the risk posed to Americans by heart disease. Explain how such measures can help decrease the external costs of heart disease.
