You are asked to attend a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health's Chief of Staff to brief him or her on why Australla should implement a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax. You need to prepare

************** a **** *** ** ****************************************** * SSBs Tax in ********************** *** ***** ** ******* ** **************** has ****** * *********** concern globally **** about 1 ** every * ****** ****** with ** as *** WHO ****** in **** ******** and ******* 2023) ** ** 2022 ***** ** ***** *** ****** those ****** **** obesity and ********** **** ***** 25 ******* (Ling ** al ***** ** ********* ******* ****** ***** public ****** challenges **** ***** **** of *** ****** ***** classified ** obese ***** ** al 2020) *** ********** ** obesity has **** ** *** **** owing to ****** ** ******* ****** and patterns *** ******** ********* ************ ** sugar ********* ********* which *** take for *********** ******* *** *********** benefits However ***** factors **** ** ******* ************ lack of ******** ********** *** ********** minor ************ ** ******* ******* et ** ***** According ** * report ** *** Australian ******* *********** ***** *********** ** ****** ****** ***** *********** ** an annual ***** ** ***** ** ******* ****** (AMA 2023) **** high rate ** *********** *** *** **** been ****** ** obesity crisis but **** ***** diseases **** as type 2 ******** ******* ******* ***** diseases and dental ****** especially among ******** ******* the lens ** *** impact of SSBs ****** ****** ************ ** ************ **** health ****** of ****** ********* **** have ****** ** ****** **** ** ********* ** *** *** before *** ***** escalates Alhamad ****** SSBs as ***** ****** **** **** ***** ******* **** low nutritional ***** **** ** ****** **** Cola Pepsi Red **** Iced *** and sport ****** **** as **************** **** ***** ********* ******** *************** of ** *** *** For example *** ****** **** ****** ******** **** ******** into a **** ********* ** ***** ******* *** ***** **** ****** ***** ********* ** ****** ****** a ****************** *** ********* ** **** *** ** 37% decline in sugary ****** purchases within *** * first ***** ******** ***** ** **** ******** a ************* SSB *** that ******* *** ******** of SSBs industry *** obesity ****** *** ****** **** ****** ****** outcomes ******** ******* ********* *** ** ********** into ******* ******* projects In this ***** ** ***** ******* *** ********* public ****** ****** ** implementing *** *** *********** ************ and ******* ******** *********** *** ********** ************ * ********* ****** ** *** *** ** ****** ******** ********* ** ConsumptionAddressing obesity ****** through ** *** tax has ***** substantial ******** ********** ** lowering *** *********** thus ******* ****** ****** outcomes From an ************* ***** ** **** **** ***** ****** ********* ***** ******** ******** **** ******** ********* from purchasing ****** ******** Moreover ***** rise of those products *********** **** **** purchasing **** ****** **** ******* studies ** Australia **** that ** *********** * *** *** would ****** **** about 2% decline ** ******* rates ********* ** ** ***** **** ******** ******** **** ******* burden of ********** expenditures ** ****** ***** soda *** ******** **** a *** reduction ** *********** ** ****** ***** ** household levels ********** ***** **** *** ************* ******** (Jerrett 2018)Similar ******* in consumption ******** have **** reported ** ***** Africa After introducing ** *** tax ** 2018 ** *** ** about *** reduction ** sugar ********* ** SSBs ****** ****** (Stacey et ** ***** ** *** UK **** ****** Industry **** (SDL) ******** **** industrial ********** ******* whereby ***** ********* ****** **** high ***** ****** reduced **** to ***** **** taxation **** ** not **** * **** *** ** avoiding *** *** * ************ ** ********* healthy *********** while ******** ******** ****** ** **** ****** ****** ********* in Australia *** emulate *** **** ******** ******* * *** tax ****** ****** ************ ** helping ** ****** ********* food ************ The ****** ***** ***** ******** ****** ** *** *** in ****** ****** *********** ******* ** ************** ******** et al *************** ******** to *** *** ******** ***** **** *** *** **** not **** ***** ********** *** ****** beverages *** also ****** ********* ** look for healthier alternatives *** ******* ******** ********** water *** **** ******** **** ** *** consumers do *** substitute the SSBs ***** contributes to ********* approach ** **** and overall reduction ** ******* ****** (Von *********** ** ** 2020) **** * systematic review **** ********** ** studies *** 62 ************* ** showed **** implementing ** SSB tax can lead ** * 15% ***** ******* of ****** ****** *********** (Andreyeva ** ** ******* Improvement ** ****** ******** ****** ****** impact ** an SSB tax ****** ****** ********* *** consumption For ******** ** ***** ** better health care ******** ** ******* ******** *********** With significant ********* ** ***** ****** it *** ****** *** **** ** ********** ******* diseases **** ** cancers ******** *** ************** ******** ******** ***** ******** ******* ********* *** ** ******** **** ****** *********** thus ********** ****** ****** ****** ******** *** ******** ******* ********* *** ** used ** ******* food ******** ****** **** push **** ********* members ** ***** ****** ** ************ areas *** **** ** opt **** sugary ********* *** ******* can also ** used to ******** *** **** ******* ********* ** *** healthcare ******************* ******** ***** similar ********** outcomes amidst implementation ** *** *** * systematic ****** ******** ****** ******** ** SSB tax ** ****** *** ********* **** ** *** ** ********* ****************** among children and teenagers by about *** within *** ***** **** ********** ** al ***** ** the ** drinks ******** to ********* reported a reduction in ***** ******* ******* ** ** 2018) Phonsuk ** ** ****** *** Modelling in *********** shows **** ** *** avert **** ****** ******* ** ******** *** ***** ******* ** ************** diseases in * span of **** ** ***** ** ******** *** *** *** been ********** **** ******* ******* *** ********** ***** ********* socioeconomic ******* **** *********** ******** to ********** families **** scenario makes the tax *** just * fiscal **** *** * ***** ****** ****** ******** ** ********** ********* ********* ******* ************* **** ********* research that ***** ***** on *** ******** ** **** tax ** relations ** *** ****** ******** *** ****** ******** ******* the ********** Medical *********** ********* **** * *** *** *** can ****** ********** *********** by **** m ** **** * ** ***** ** ***** (AMA ***** ** ******** *** **** ** prevention ** about **** ***** ******* ******* *** 16 *** ***** ** ******** ******* **** *** ******** ****** ****** ********** ******* ****** ** **** *** *** ** * vital intervention ** ********* *********** ****** **** ***** *** ****** below shows ********* impact ** *** *** ** ***** ****** in **** ** ****** ***** ********* *** ********** ******* ****************** ******* et al ******** ****** ***** ***** the ****** ******** ** * simulated 20% ***** *** ** ****** whereby ** *** ** ********* in ******* ** **** **** ********** ******* cases ** * **** ** ** ***** by 81338 *************** (Liu ** ** ****** Implementation of *** SSB ***** Legislative ********************* ** *** *** is * ********* **** *** ******** a ****** *********** ********* ** ensure that ***** is ********** ******* clarity ** effectiveness ***** ********* stakeholders Legislative ******* ***** go **** ******* and state ****** *** ******* ********** *** ******* ******* the ********** Taxation ****** ***** ***** be pushed to ***** it *** *** **** ** ****** ********* *** ************ ** address *** *** ** regulation of **** ** **** research institutions ******* * 20% tax ** ****** ****** *** ******* ** ****** introducing * “1 **** *** ***** ******* *** ** *** ***** ** that ******** *** *** required **** to introduce new *********** reforms ******** ***** **** regulation ***** ** ****** importation ********** and sale ** ****** ****** **** ***** *** ** the commonly ********* strategies ** ** integrate *** *** in ********* ** **** Goods and Services *** ** ********** * **** **** *** sugary ****** ********** et ** 2020) ******** *** *** ***** **** ** ******** ** mirror ******** public ****** regulation strategies **** ** * those used ** ******* ******* *** ******* ***** **** meant ** limit ***** *********** *** reduce ******** ****** outcomes *** ****** ***** ***** ** ********* ********* ** *** *** *** ** *** ********** ********** ************ ***** **** ** *********** is *********** *** ** ***** revenue generated ***** ** * *** ******* ********* *********** ***** **** to ****** * *********** *** ******* "Sugar-Sweetened ******** Revenue Act" **** stipulates *** *** ********* is ** be allocated ************* *********** it **** ********** ******** ********** Health Agency *** could **** allocating ***** into ****** projects ** ********** ******* ****** among ***** ****** ****** it ******* ****** for ****** et al ***** For example ***** the funds into ********* education and ********* ********** *********** ********** of ********* foods *** helping ********** in ******* if ******* ********** ******** ***** ******** have been *********** ************ ** different ********* *** example *** UK **** part of *** SSB *** ******* **** physical ********* in learning ************ ** Finland ** is **** to **** ****** public health ********* (Hagenaars ** al 2017)Ethical ************** ** Public ****** Law and *** TaxationEthical ************** *** ********* **** ** the *********** **** ******* that the *** ******** ** **** *** equitable ** *** One ** *** **** ******** *********** *** *** is ***** ********** nature which **************** low-income families who **** to be largest consumers of ****** ****** ***** *** ************ ***** While **** groups ***** *** ******* ******* of ***** ********** to obesity *** ******* chronic ******** *** *** ******* and ********** ******** must ****** **** they ** *** ******** existing ************ among ********* (Ross and ************ ***** ** address ****** that may ***** **** *** *** ***** *** ****** and marginalised areas * ******* ** *** tax ***** ** used to address **** security ** ********* **** ****** ** ********* ***** ** ****** ***** often lead ** ***** ********** Moreover ******* ***** food ******** is a ******** ******** ** solving *********** disparities **** ***** make people to ****** **** *** ********** ***** **** as SSBsAnother **** of ******** ** **** public ****** ******* ********** **** ***** ** *** ********** of ********** ************** of *** ****** *** *** ********** ** ********** diseases **** ****** ************ ** *** *** aligns well with the ********** ** **** reduction in ****** health ethics and law This ********* ****** **** *********** ************* *** ***** ********** when *********** behaviours ************* **** ** **** intake ** ***** ***** ***** health (Ross *** ************ ***** **** 2024) **** ** ********** **** **** behaviours *** ********** ********** ******** ** consumer ***** *********** *** **** ********** of ******* in ********* ***** both ******** ****** *** ****** ** is ********* ********** ** ******* *** ****** ** *** ****** ** ** ********* ********** ******* *** ******** ***** **** ***** **************** Strategies *** ************* SuccessOne ** *** ***** ******* is *** **** ******* * *** rate ** ******** but ******** **** ** *********** **** ******* ******** ******** *************** *** ******* any potential ********** Advocacy is * vital component in *********** process ** ** ***** gain ********* ******** *** collaboration between ************ ********************** et ** ***** ** such ****** ****** ******** ****** ****** ************* ******* health ************* ******** *** research institutions ** ******* ** *** *** According to ***** *** ******** ****** ******** ********** ****** foster **** between ****** ****** ********** *** *********** ********* needed ** raising ********* ** ****** ***** ** excessive sugar in **** on ******* *** ************ ** population ************ *** ********** cost ** ***** *** ******* **** ********* *********** ******* ******* ********* we *** ***** **** *** tobacco *** ******* laws **** **** greatly influenced ** advocacy ** ****** health ******** ******* evidence-based ********* ** ******* ******** ** ***** * *********** ****** ** ******* ********* **** *** *** ********** ******** ****** ** ** ***** *** ******** ** ***** ****** ******** ********** ********** on ************** ** *** *** ******* *** ** ********** lobbying *** **** *** ******* to *** *** integrated **** *** and *** led ** ******* ***** ****** ******* ** al ***** ******* ******** ********** can ** ******** in Australia ******* *********** can ** considered into ******** ** * ******** tax *** figure ***** ***** * ******** ******** in ********** *** * sugar tax in Australia Source ********** ******** University ****** Unintended ************ and ***** ** ************ ******** Impact ******* the ******** public health ******** ** ** SSB *** it ** vital to consider ********** consequences ******* ******* **** ** *********** ******** ****** ***** ********** families marginalised *********** ** ***** ** ************ * greater burden ** the *** ********** et ** 2020) **** groups ******* * ****** ********** part of *** ********* as * ****** change ** prices affects *** *********** Hagenaars ** ** ****** ***** ****** ***** that ***** **** ***** ******** *********** ** the financial situation in ********* ******** **** *** would ****** **** ******* ***** which ***** ******* **** *** ****** ******* ****** generation ************* down ***** ******** impact the ******* ** ****** nutrition ***** low-income ******** ** **** ******** ********** would potentially *** **** less ********** alternatives which ***** ********** *** intended **** ** the tax ** ********* ******* ******** ******* ****** diet ******* (Andreyevaet ** 2022) This scenario ***** amplify ******* *** ******* diseaseEvidence **** ***** countries such as **** **** of US Mexico *** UK shows **** ********** households *** the ******* ********* ** sugary beverages Hofman et ** ****** *** tax *** sparked ******* ****** *** ********** ****** as **** ******** ******* **** ** ********* *** ********** ***** ** ********** ****** ** the community **** *** **** ******* they **** ** ******* **** issue ************ ****** *** *** ****** ******* compensatory ********** that *** **** help ******* food ******** *** **** ******** ** job ************* ** increase ***** ability ** ******** ******* **** alternatives ********* ***** emulate *** ****** ******** ** addressing **** ***** ** ******* *** *** on sugary ********* ** ********* ** ******* ********* ****** ***** **** intervention could help *********** ******** consumers ** terms ** accessing ******* ********* ******* ********* struggle32 ******** *************** ************ an SSB *** in Australia ** is ** not ***** **** it **** attract ********** ************ ** *** *** has **** ****** *** implementation ******* ***** ******** *** stakeholders **** ****** ****** ********** ***** *** **** ** **** Lobbyist have ******* ***** ********* ****** ********* ******* *** consumers choice ********* ** ***** **** have ******* ******** *** *** ** ** ************ on ***** ********* contesting **** ** ******* ******* among ********* Moreover **** tax affected the *** ****** as ****** ***** ********** loose **** *** ***** **** graduallyOn the other **** **************** ********** **** public ****** ****** that *** *** ** unhealthy products ** ** ************ to protect the ****** ** the population Through ******* ********** ** ****** health *** ****** ** the ****** ** *** ****** ** priority **** *** ******** ********** that *********** *** health of the people ******* **** ** ****** **** ***** ** ******** *** advocates ******* **** tax ******* ********* can ** **** ** counter the ********** ************ Drawing **** **** past experiences ********* ** *** *** *** **** up **** ****** ********** **** are **** ********* *** ******** ***** ** ******* ********** It ** **** ***** ** conduct **** *** ************** research **** ** ******* ******** *** engage into ********** ** other ********* ******** * ********** ****** ** ****** **** switching" *** *** ********** obesity ****** ******* ****** * ****** *** tax structure (Ekram ***** Addressing ***** ********** ******** *** ****** ************* environment *** different stakeholders *** ******** ******** ******** ************ **** ******* ****** ****** outcomes *************************** is ******** * ***** health ******* not **** in Australia *** globally ** Australia ***** * ***** ** the *********** ** ****** classified as ***** ** ********** **** ******** *** ****** many countries to ***** * ****** drinks **** Implementing a ***** ********* beverages *** ** ***** ** managing *** ******* ****** **** ** ******** *** ********** ** *** tax ** vital ** ****** ****** ************ beyond just ***** * ****** ********** ** ** can ****** the *********** ** sugary drinks ******* *** **** ** ******** **** other nations Australia ****** * ****** ** ********* ** own *** and ****** a ******* of ******* ****** ****** ****** obesity ******** Moreover *** SSB *** has *** ********* ** raise significant ****** ** *** **** be **** ** promote ****** ****** projects ********* health foods and ****** ********** ************ **** ** ******** ****** ***** ********** households *** *** loss concernsFor *** *** ******** ** **** through **** * *** ** ******** ****** ****** ****** ******** **** **** ********* *********** ****** at the same point ** ************* in ***** ** it health ******** ** **** **** evidence-based ********* *** ***** and ******** **** ******* **** successful example **** ** ***** ******* ******* ******* *** ********* ******* * 10% tax ******* the ******* proposal tabled a *** tax ************ **** *** ******** ***** ******* *** ******* ** *********** *** *** *** **** ***** and Services Tax *** the ******* expenditure **** * new ********** **** ** "Sugar-Sweetened ******** ******* **** ** **** existing Australian ******** Preventive ****** ****** *** ********* ****** ** *** *** creates ** *********** **** ******* * ******* ** ******* consumption ****** ******** ****** crisis ****** addressing obesity ReferencesAlhamad * (2021)A ********** of the *********** ** Sugar-Sweetened ********* by College ******** ** **** Mass ***** *************** thesis Kent ***** *********** ********* **** https://etdohiolinkedu/acprod/odb_etd/ws/send_file/send?accession=kent1618783798673423&disposition=inlineAndreyeva * Marple * ********* S Moore T E & Powell * * (2022) ******** following ******** ** *************** beverages: * ********** ****** *** ***************** Network ******** ***************** ********* from ******************************************** National ********** ****** ****** health ******** strategies ** ********* ****** ******* ****** ** ********** *** Global ********** ********* **** *********************************************************************************************************************** Medical *********** ***** (2023) Why *** ****** ******* ********* from ************************************************************ ******* *********** ****** * *** ** *************** ********** Modelled ******* ** sugar *********** *** ********** revenue ********* **** *************************************************************************************************** **** * ***** * ***** * ***** *** * (2017) Generating ********* ******** for regulatory ************* ********* obesity *********** ** ********** case *********** ******* & medicine177 ******* ********* **** *********************************************** * * ***** ******** * * ****** **** ****** ****** ******** **** to redress health *********** * ******* ************ & ****** care ** the ************** ******* Retrieved **** doi: ******************** * * * *************** obesity ** ***** Arabia through taxation ** *************** ********** political and ****** ***** *** ************ ** ***** ************* ************ UCL *********** ******* London)) Retrieved **** https://discoveryuclacuk/id/eprint/10140889/1/Ekram_10140889_thesis_sig_removedpdfForde H ************* ** ********* ** ******** ** sugary ******** ********* *** Soft Drinks ******** **** in the United **************** ************* Retrieved from ************************************************************************************************************** * ********* * * * ***** ******** N * ****** *** taxation of ********* ************ ***** (EDFs) *** *************** ********* ******* an ******** ** patterns ******** ** *** ****** ******* *** policy ******* of ** **** ************* ************ ******* Retrieved **** http://dxdoiorg/101016/jhealthpol201706011Hangoma * Bulawayo * ***** * ****** N Downey L Chalkidou * ***** ****** * ****** *** ********* health *** revenue ******* ** * tax ** ***** sweetened beverages in ********* ****** health5(4) ******* ********* **** ********************************************* * * He * J ***** MacGregor * A ****** Cross-sectional surveys ** *** ****** ** sugar energy *** ******** in *************** drinks ******** *** ******** as energy ****** in *** ** between **** *** ***** ********** ************* *********** open7(12) ******* ********* from *********** ************************* * * Stacey * ***** E * ****** * * ***** ** S * ****** ***** ******** ****** ********* Levy: ****** *** ******** and ****** **************** Reviews22(9) ****** ********* **** *************************************** * (2018) ****** *************** ********* ** Combat *** Costs ** ******** ********** ***** *** How *** ******* Government ****** ********** ******** ***** **** **** *** ********* from *************************************************************************************************** * ****** *** ******* ******** ** **************** Taxes on Unhealthy Food *** ********* ** *** Commonwealth ****************** Law Review *********** Retrieved **** *********************************** L M (2017) * ****** **** ** *** ******* public ****** ethics bioethics *** ************* ********* ******** ******* of Bioethics17(9) **** Retrieved **** ********************************************* * **** S Zahry * R ***** Kao * * * (2023) Economic ****** of ********* ********** *** ******** * ********** ****** *** ********************** ************ ****** ********* **** ********************************* * ******* A ******** K ***** Veugelers P J ****** *** ****** *** economic benefits of ***** ******** *** vegetables and fruit ******* ********* in ************ ******* ***** Medicine329 ****** ********* **** ********************************************** * **** * A Bauman * & Hayes A ****** *** reducing ********* ******* solve *** ******* ****** ** ********************** ******* ********* from doi:101002/oby22711McConnell * ****** *** sugar *** *** Alternaitves ******** *********** ********* **** https://wwwmusgravemarketplacecouk/uncategorised/the-sugar-tax-and-alternatives/Michaud‐Létourneau * ****** * ******** R **** * * * Weissman A ***** Pelletier * * (2019) Enhancing ********** *** ************* ******** for ****** ****** ** ***** ********** Impact ******************* ***** ***** *********** e12728 ********* from https://doiorg/101111/mcn12728Mohajan D ***** ******* * * ****** ******* *** *** ******* ********* * *** ********** ******** ** ****** ************* ** *********** ** ******* Research2(3) 12-23 ********* **** **************************************************************** * Vongmongkol * ********* * ************* * **************** * ***** ******** * * ****** ******* ** a sugar ********* ******** *** ** body **** ***** and obesity ** ********* A modelling studyPloS ******** e0250841 ********* **** ************************************************* ****** * ***** * Livingston * Ananthapavan * *** * ***** ***** G ****** Increasing *** ***** ** ******* ** an ******* prevention ******** *** potential cost-effectiveness of *********** a ******* volumetric *** *** * ******* ***** ***** on ******* ** *********************** 603 Retrieved **** https://wwwmdpicom/2072-6643/12/3/603#Ross J ***** ************ * (2018) *** Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes Regressive? ******** **** Household ****** ************ ********** ********* **** https://filestaxfoundationorg/20180618173927/Tax-Foundation-FF592pdfSafaeiM ************ * * ***** M Boulila W ***** ******* A ****** A ********** ********** ****** ** ******** ************* *** causes ***** consequences ** ******* *** ********* various machine learning ********** **** ** predict **************** ** ******* *** medicine136 ****** Retrieved **** https://doiorg/101016/jcompbiomed2021104754SainsburyE ********* * **** A * ***** Colagiuri * (2020) ********** ********** ** regulatory interventions to ******* ******* *** ******* ********** * ********** ** * *************** ********* *** ** AustraliaFood ******** ****** ********* **** https://wwwsciencedirectcom/science/article/pii/S0306919220301081Saxena * ****** * ***** P * * Mudara C Hofman * & ******* * ****** The ************** ****** ** taxing *************** ********** ******** from an ******** ****************** ******** ** ***** ********* ****** ********** ******* Retrieved **** ********************************************** ***** * ****** * ***** * C ****** * & ** * * (2021) ******* in ******** ********* following *** ************ *** ************** ** ***** ******** Health ********* Levy: an observational ******** ****** ********* ********** e200-e208 Retrieved **** https://wwwthelancetcom/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(20)30304-1/fulltextVon Philipsborn * Stratil * M Burns * ****** L K Pfadenhauer * M ***** * & ******** * * (2020) ************* interventions ** reduce the consumption of *************** beverages: ******** Cochrane ********** ************* ********** 397-417 Retrieved **** *********************************************************************