You will prepare and submit a term paper on Impact of Geotechnical Engineering on Tunnel Construction. Your paper should be a minimum of 2000 words in length.

You will prepare and submit a term paper on Impact of Geotechnical Engineering on Tunnel Construction. Your paper should be a minimum of 2000 words in length.

Primarily, the use of soil, earth service and underground has been in place for quite a long time. For instance, in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, the soil was used as material for controlling floods, building various foundations, burial sites and lastly as material for constructing buildings. Up to the 18th century, soil design was art that relied on one’s past experience to come up with a structure on it without any scientific orientation in the field (Santamarina & Cho 2011). However, there were developments in the sector over time rising form catastrophes and advanced need to develop stable structures.

Ultimately, soil design a scientific discipline did arise. Soil design as a scientific discipline remained rudimentary up to the 20th century in the year 1925 when Geotechnical engineering was born. According to Sousa & Einstein, (2012) Karl who was a mechanical engineer and geologist, explained the fact that shear strengths of the soil can be controlled by utilising effective scientific models on the soil structures. . He was able to describe the behaviour of soil using a number of theories, a factor that is so fundamental in the industry.

It became clear that the soil could be controlled by the use of scientific methods to support quite a number of structure in different places by control of the soil behaviour of those areas.Concisely, the main function of Geotechnical engineer in contemporary construction is fundamental in avoidance of disasters that might arise from earthworks or construction related to surface behaviour. Some of the major activities carried out in the process include the study of soil and rock properties underlying structures and those adjacent to it.

This study is important because they are likely to affect the structure in case there is the shear of the soil. Geotechnical engineering is very important too when repairing a distressed construction or earthwork that is due to the conditions of the surface around the structures.