1-What were the key points of Luther’s message? 2-What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Catholic Church in the 1500s? 3-Why did Protestantism spread so quickly? 4-Why did it take so long for t

******** and the ****** ** EnglandStudent **** *********** **** *** **** ****** *** ******* ** the world **** a ******* ** ********* perspectives It ********* *** *********** ****** **** have ****** *** ***** *** *** ********* ******** **************** 1The Bible ** *** **** ****** ** ********* ****** ****** ******** **** the Bible *** *** only source of ********* ***** He ******* that it *** possible ** interpret *** ***** ******* *** **** *** the Church's ******** **** *** to Luther's break **** *** ******** ****** *** *** ***** ** *** ********** *********** ******** ******* ****** * ***** **** many people who were ******* **** *** corruption and ***** of *** ******** Church *** ***** ****** ******* ******** * ********* and political ******** **** ***** ****** the ****** of ******** ********** **** *** not *** ***** authority ** religious ******** ****** ******** *** pope *** not *** ***** ********* ** ******* ** *** ******** ** ** saved ******* *** **** *** **** ***** ** *** ********** approval These beliefs *** ** Luther's ***** from *** ******** ****** and the ***** ** *** ********** *********** ******** message struck * ***** **** **** people *** **** unhappy **** *** ********** *** ***** ** *** Catholic ****** His ***** ****** quickly ******** * ********* and ********* ******** **** ***** ****** *** course ** European ********* ** ******** ** ** saved without *** **** *** **** works ** the ******** ********* Luther ******** ** was ******** ** be **** without *** **** *** **** ******* ** the ******** ******* ***** ******* *** ** ******** break **** the Catholic ****** and the ***** ** *** ********** *********** ******** message ****** * ***** **** many ****** *** **** ******* **** *** ********** *** ***** ** *** ******** ****** *** ***** ****** ******* ******** * ********* *** political ******** that ***** change *** ****** of ******** *************** **** ******** ****** was *** ******* and most *********** institution in ******* The ******** ****** *** ****** *** ******* *** most influential *********** ** ****** ****** *** ****** **** *** ****** had * ***** **** ** ********* and economic ***** *** its ********* *** **** ********** *** ********* ******* *** ****** *** **** ** ***** ** *** ******** ***** ***** ********** *** to its downfallThe ****** *** ******* *** many **** ******* **** its power *** ********** It *** indeed **** *** many **** ************ **** *** ****** *** power *** ****** *** a strong ******* ** ******* ********* ******** rulers' ********* backing This ********** allowed the ****** ** ******** *** ***** and influence *** ************ Church *** * ****** ******* of ******* including the ********* ******* of ******** rulers; ** ********* ***** *** ****** had * strong ******* ** ******* including the ********* ******** ** ******** ****** This ********** ******* the Church ** ******** its power *** ********* *** ************ ****** was **** ** adapt to ******** ***** ***** ultimately *** ** its ********* ** *** **** ** adapt ** ******** ***** ultimately *** to *** *********** *** ****** was **** ** adapt to ******** changing ********* and ******** ********* ********** ******* ** *** declineQuestion *********** ******** ********* ** ******** ******* **** ******** rulers saw Protestantism ** * ********* ** the ***** ** *** ******** ****** **** ******** ****** *** the Protestant ******** ** * *** ** ********* the ***** ** *** Catholic Church *** ********** ******** ******* a *** way of ******** ***** ******** ******** ** **** ******** ****** It *** **** ********* ** ***** *** could ****** **** *** ******** *** be ***** ****** ** ***** **** European rulers saw the ********** ******** ** * *** ** challenge the ******** Church’s power *** **** more ******* for themselvesLuther's ******* *** ****** *** ********** *** **** ****** ** *** ** ********** is **** ** ******* ****** a *** to be ***** **** ***** sins ******* ***** ***** **** *** * ********* message for many people looking *** a *** to ** savedThe ******** ***** ******* Luther's ***** to ** ****** far *** wide: It *** an ********* **** ** ********* ******** ****** because it ******* *** ideas to ** ******* *** *********** ** * ***** ******** **** helped ** ****** *** ******* ** *** *********** far and **** *** printing ***** *** invented ** the ******** ******* *************** *** *********** could ** ******* ****** *** printing press ***** **** ****** ** hand * ********* *** ********* process **** the ******** press ***** ***** be mass-produced ***** **** **** **** ******* *** **** accessible **** ******* ******** ***** ** reach a much ***** ******** *** ******** press **** allowed ******** statements ** ** ****** more ******* Before *** printing press ** ***** **** ****** ** **** ***** *** * **** to be copied ** hand * **** could ** printed ** **** ** ***** **** the ******** press **** meant **** ******** ideas could spread **** **** ******* **** ************** 41 The ******** ****** *** **** ** ***** to *** ******** times: *** Church *** **** to ***** ** the ******** ********* *** ****** ********* ** Europe ** clung ** *** *********** **** *** ****** ** ****** ** the *** ******* **** **** it ************ ********* *** the ****** ** ******** *** ***** *** ********** *** ****** *** ******* and **** **** ******* **** *** power and ********** *** ****** *** **** *** **** **** ************ **** *** result and ******* *** ****** was **** ** ****** ****** *** this **** it increasingly difficult for *** ****** to ******** *** ***** *** ********** *** ****** *** slow to ****** ******* ** *** **** ** ***** ** *** ******** times *** failed to improve ****** **** **** ** increasingly ********* *** *** ****** ** maintain *** power *** ********** Many ******** ****** ********* *** ********** ******** ers: *** Protestant ******** *** ********* ** many ******** ****** *** **** ******* **** *** power *** ********* ** *** Catholic ****** *** ********** ******** ******* * **** modern and *********** *********** ** *** ******** ****** ****** ** ************ ********* *** *** ****** ** maintain *** power *** ***************** **** ******** ********* orders were * vital **** ** *** Counter-Reformation * period of ****** and ************** *** *** Catholic Church ** *** 16th and **** ********* These orders **** religious *********** ** monks ** nuns who ***** ********* ** strict ***** They were ******* ** response ** *** ********** ** *** Protestant *********** which had begun in *** ***** 16th centuryThe ******************* *** * response ** *** ********** Reformation * ******** **** ********** **** ******** ****** ********* *** ********* *** Counter-Reformation *** a ****** ** ****** *** ************** *** the Catholic Church It included *** ******* ** Trent * ****** ** ******** ** ******** ******* *** ***** church leaders **** resulted in ******* reforms *** ******************* **** *** the **** ** *** Catholic ********* orders such ** *** JesuitsThe *** religious ****** were founded in response ** *** ********** ** the ********** *********** **** **** * ***** **** ** *** ******************* ******* **** ****** to spread the ******** ***** *** counter *** ****** ** ************* *** *** ****** **** ****** ** ****** the ******** ****** **** ********* ******* were the **** ********* ** *** new religious orders **** **** founded by St Ignatius of ****** * ******* ******** The ******* **** known *** their dedication ** ********** **** *** ***** ********** ** ********* **** **** **** **** ****** in the ********* realm and ****** * *********** role ** *** ********************** ***** *** ********* ****** included the Ursulines *** Barnabites the ********* and *** ********** ***** ****** **** **** ********* **** *** Jesuits but **** made *********** ************* ** *** ******************* *** *** ********* ****** ****** to spread *** Catholic faith *** ******* the spread ** ************* **** also ****** ** ****** *** ******** Church from ****** *** ******************* *** * response ** *** challenges ** *** ********** *********** *** *** *** ********* ****** were * vital **** of that responseQuestion * * ***** **** ****** ** ******* *** **** ********* of ****** so ** ***** marry **** ****** ** *** Pope ***** *** ***** *** ******* so ***** **** ***** **** from the ******** ****** *********** *** ****** ** ******* *** **** himself *** **** of *** new church iii **** ***** **** **** ******* much ******* in ******* and ********** *** ** the ******* ***** *** ** ** England ******** and ******** ******** ** produce * split **** **** *** English ******* ***** VIII wanted ** ******* *** **** Catherine ** Aragon so ** ***** ***** **** BoleynHenry VIII wanted ** ******* his **** Catherine of ****** ** he ***** ***** **** ****** ******* ** *** *** getting * male **** from ********* ** wanted ** ***** **** Boleyn ******* *** had ******* ***** *** * ******** ********* *** Pope would *** grant the ******* ** Henry VIII ***** **** **** *** Catholic ****** *********** *** ****** ** ******* *** **** ******* *** head of *** *** church **** split **** **** ******* much ******* ** ******* ********** leading to *** ******* Civil War *** English ***** War *** fought ******* the supporters ** King Charles I **** Cavaliers) *** the ********** of ********** **** *********** *** *** ***** ** **** *** ***** in 1651The main reason *** the ***** *** *** **** ******* * *** ********** ***** not agree ** *** *** ******* ****** ** ******** ******* * ******** ** the ****** ***** ** kings which ***** that ** ******* that he was ********** only ** *** not ** ********** ** *** ***** **** ********** ******** **** *** **** *** *********** to ********** *** ***** *** *** ****** and many ****** **** ****** ** *** *** ********** emerged ********** *** ******* * was **************** *** ****** ******** *** ******** ******** to ******* civil *** ******** *** * *********** factor ** ******** lives *** ******** *** a *** ** express one's ********* ******* *** *** ******** ** create * volatile *** that *** to ******** ****** *** * *********** ****** ** Catholicism and *** Catholic Church *** ****** *** ****** had *** political ****** *** often conflicted **** *** state *** ****** **** ***** much ******** *** *** **** ********* over *** ***** of ******** ********* ****** ********** *** * time **** *** power of *** ****** *** ********** *** *************** wanted ** ***** the ***** of *** Church and **** France * ******* state The ****** ******* *** ********** *** **** *** to ******** The conflict **** ** * **** ****** *** reign of **** Louis *** The **** *** a ******** but **** a ********* of *** ********** This **** *** ********* **** *** Church ** 1791 *** ****** ****** * *********** ********** the ********** **** led ** a split in *** ******* and ***** *** ***** *** *** ****** *** ****** ******* *** supporters of the Revolution *** *** supporters ** *** ****** *** ****** ****** for ***** and resulted ** the ***** ** many people In *** *** *** *************** emerged ********** *** the Church's ***** *** ************* reducedQuestion * *** causes of the ***** ***** of the sixteenth *** seventeenth ********* *** ******** *** ******* Many ********** ******* the ******** ******** **** ********* and ****** ******* ****** * *********** change The ********** *********** *** ** * split ** *** Christian ****** *** many ********* **** **** ******* *** *** ********** beliefs and *** *********** Catholic ***** ** *** **** time advances ** ******* **** challenging conventional ***** about *** natural ***** *** **** ****** began ** ******** *** power ** *** ************** *** political ******* **** ******* ***** ***** ****** *** sixteenth *** *********** ********* ****** was ****** a period ** *********** ******** ****** New ************ *** ***** ****** **** opening ** *** ************* for ****** *** **** ******* ******** dislocation and ****** unrest ** addition *** ****** Years' *** (1618-1648) **** **** ***** of Europe ********** *** *** ** * general ******* of ********** All ***** ******* created ** environment in ***** ****** quickly ******** ******* **** ** blame for ***** problems **** ** clear ************* of *** natural ***** and ** *********** ********* ** turn ** *** **** ****** were **** **** *** superstitious fears and scapegoatingQuestion **** ***** is *** **** ****** of religious *************** can ** ***** only ** ***** grace *** ** their **** worksJesus ****** is *** **** ******** ******* *** and ************ *** not justified ** ***** *** efforts or **** ***** *** **** by ***** in Jesus ChristThe ****** ****** ** ******** according to *** Bible *********** ****** **** ****** *** ***** by faith alone **** the ***** is the **** authority for ********* ******* *** that *** ****** ****** ** ******** ** **** ****** ******* *** Catholic ******** ** ******* *********** *** ******* for **** ******** ******* *** *********** ******* ** ********** the Catholic ******** ********* *** helped ***** *** Protestant ********************* ******* was ***** on ***** *********** *********** **** **** sola ********* *** **** gratia Sola **** or “faith ******** was the principle **** ********* was based ** ***** ***** *** *** on **** ***** This was in ******** ** the Catholic ****** **** ********* was based ** * combination ** ***** and **** ***** **** ********* or ************ ******** *** *** ********* that *** Bible *** *** **** ****** ** religious ********* *** **** traditions and ****** ********* were not to be given equal weight **** *** ** ******** ** the ******** belief **** ****** tradition *** **** * ****** of ********* authority **** ****** or ******** ******** *** *** ********* **** ********* *** ***** ** ******* ***** ***** and *** ** ******** ****** ***** ** **** contrasts **** *** ******** ****** **** humans could **** ********* through **** ************* ****** of ************* ****** *** * **** **** ** ********* *** maintained * **** ******** ***** ***** *** ************* Church was **** ******* *** ***** * ***** deal of ******* ****** *** very influential ** ************ ** ************** ****** *** corrupt **** **** officials accepting bribes *** ******** ** *********** Church *** ******* ** being out of touch with *** ***** ** the ********* ****** was involved ** ******* scandals ********* *** **** of ************** ***** **** * **** of *********** ****** for *** ******** ****** *** ********** Reformation had ***** *** **** ****** were ******** ** ******** the ******** authority *** Church ********* by trying ** ****** itself *** **** *** *** always ********** *** of the **** ********* ** *** ******** Church ** *** ***** was *** **** wealth The ****** ***** * ***** ****** ** **** and had **** *********** ********** **** allowed *** Church ** ******** *** ***** *** influence **** ** *** **** ** criticismHowever *** ****** also *** **** significant weaknesses One of the biggest *** the ********** ** the ****** **** priests *** bishops **** more ********** ** ******** gain **** ** ******* *** ****** **** **** ******** to serve This **** ** ********* for *** Church to maintain *** ***** ********* ** ******** *** Church *** ***** slow ** ***** ** ******** times which **** ** **** *** of ***** **** *** ***** ** the ****** ******* *** weaknesses *** ******** ****** ******** * ******** force ** *** ***** Its ********* *** **** ********** ****** *** ****** * *********** **** in **** ********** ************* 11The ******* *** *** ***** ****** ** Protestantism *** ****** *** ******* ** general the movement ********* **** ******* ******* ********* *** ******** ***** which ****** disseminate ******** ideas; *** ***** ****** the ******** Church ***** made ** ****** *** people ** ***** ***** *** *** ********* and ******** ******* of the **** which *** ripe *** change One ** *** main ******* *** *** ***** spread of Protestantism *** *** ********* ** *** ******** press **** allowed ******** ***** ** ** ************ ******* and ****** *** ****** ** ****** * groundswell of ******* for *** ******** ************ *** ***** ****** *** ******** ****** **** ** ****** for ****** ** ***** **** *** **** *** Protestant movement Finally the ********* *** economic ******* ** *** **** *** **** *** ****** ***** ****** *** Protestant ******** to gain tractionSeveral specific events helped spur the *********** The **** ** ***** for ******* **** ****** * ****** *** a **** ** many ****** ******* for a way ** ***** away **** *** ******** Church ************ *** ***** of ******** ******* for *** ***** establishment of *********** ****** it more ********** ** ****** considering ******* *** ******** ******** ***** *** ****** of ************* *** *** ** * *********** of factors both ******* *** specific The movement ********* **** ******* factors **** **** ** ****** *** ****** ** ***** **** **** *** Catholic ****** The Council of Trent *** ****** ** ******* civic events **** made ** **** ********** to ***** ******* *** * way ** ****** *** ************** 12The Catholic ****** was slow ** recognize *** ****** posed ** ProtestantismThe ******** ****** *** slow to ******* ** the challenges posed ** ********************* ********* *** ************ ******** *** ******** ********** ****** ******** ****** *** slow ** ***** ** Europe's ******** religious *** political ************ ******** ****** was **** ** ********* the ****** ***** by Protestantism *** ******** Church *** **** ** recognize *** danger ***** ** ************* because it *** *** initially **** *** ******** ********* ************* was **** as * ***** threat *** not * ****** challenge to ******** orthodoxy The ******** ****** was slow to ******* ** *** ********** posed by ************* The ******** Church *** **** ** ******* to *** challenges ***** ** ************* because it *** **** ** recognize *** *********** ** *** ****** ** *** **** *** ******** ****** ******** *** ******** of *** danger ************* had ******* ****** * *********** ******** ** EuropeInternal ********* *** ************ ******** the Catholic Church ******** ********* *** ************ ******** the Catholic Church because ********* ******** within the ****** ********* ***** ********** ** *** ****** of Protestantism **** lack ** ***** **** ** ********* *** *** Church to ***** * ********* challenge ** ************* *** ******** ****** was slow to ***** to Europe's ******** ********* *** political ********* *** Catholic Church *** **** ** ***** ** *** ******** ********* and political ********* in Europe ******* it *** **** to ********* the ****** ** ************* ** *** time the ******** ****** ******** *** *********** ** *** ****** ************* *** ******* gained * significant ******** in ********* ******** ****** didn't begin to effectively challenge ************* ***** the ******* of ***** in *** ******** ******* By **** **** *** ********** ******** *** ****** *********** momentum and ********* ********** the Catholic ****** *** ******* ** ***** was a ******** ** *** ********** *********** and ** ****** ** solidify ******** ******** *** ***** ***** * Counter-Reformation *** Council ** ***** *** * *********** event ** the ******* ** *** ******** Church ** *** convened to address the problems ******* from *** ********** Reformation *** Council ****** to ******** ******** ******** *** bring ***** * *************************** ***** ********* ****** **** ******* ****** *** Counter-Reformation ** reform the Catholic ****** **** ****** ***** *** **** ********* ** ***** **** *** Jesuits **** ******** ** Loyola ******* The ******* were ***** *** ***** ******** ************ ******** *** ********** **** ** ********* the ******** ***** ********* **** were **** ****** ********* in ********* the ****** of ************* Other ******* ********* ****** ******* during *** ******************* ******* the ********* Barnabites *** ********** *** ******************* was * ******** ** *** ****** ** Protestantism ** Europe ** ****** ** ****** *** ******** ****** *** stop ***************** ****** *** *** religious ****** **** ******* to help achieve ***** ***** **** **** highly *********** ** ********* the Catholic ***** *** in ********* *** ****** ** ProtestantismThe Counter-Reformation *** a *********** impact on *** **** ** the ******** ****** ** society Before *** *********** *** ******** ****** had been *** dominant ***** in ******** ******* ******* *** spread of ************* *** ** * ******* ** the Church's influence *** ******************* ****** ** ******* **** trend by ********* *** ****** and ********** its ********** ******** This led to * resurgence ** the ******** influence *** ************* ** * *** ******* ********* ****** *** based ** *** ****** ****** ***** *** * hierarchy ** ***** and vassals *** **** ***** *** land *** *** ****** worked *** land *** paid ***** ** the lord ii *** ****** ** ******* *** ***** ** *** ******** church *** ******** ****** ** **** iii The ******* ******* *** *** head of *** *********** **** **** ******* why *** ****** ** England ***** from **** ** the 16th ******* ********* ********* ******** and religious ******* Political ******* ******** *** ******* ****** *** more ******** **** **** ** **** ** *** influence of **** Henry VIII He ****** a ******* **** his ***** **** ********* ** ****** ******** ******* ******** *** English desire to ***** **** from ****** ******* ** *** English ****** ***** ******** in * **** of ****** *** *** ******* ***** Religious ******* ******** the ******* ****** *** * **** Protestant ****** *** the influence ** religious ********* **** as ****** ****** and **** CalvinIn **** **** ***** VIII of ******* ***** **** from the Catholic ****** ** **** *** *********** *** ****** of ******* **** ***** *** ********* *** ****** ** ********* *** ******** ******* *** religious ******* also ****** * role The ******* ****** **** ******** **** **** *** ** ***** **** **** *** ******** ******** control ** the ******* ****** **** split ******* a **** ********** church ** ******* ***** *** more ** **** **** *** ******* of Martin Luther *** **** Calvin *** English ***** **** Rome was * significant ***** ** the ******* of *** English ****** ** led ** *** ****** ** ******* *** *** growth of ************* ** **************************************** * world ******* by ****** h ***** **** * Langdon ****** 2 *** edition ****** access **** ************ * ***** history by ****** * judge **** * ******* volume * *** *********

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