122..The Behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) is a cross-sectional telephone survey conducted by state health departments to collect

122..The Behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) is a cross-sectional telephone survey conducted by state health departments to collect information on health risk behaviors, preventive health practices, primarily related to chronic disease and injury. The BRFSS is an example of which type of surveillance system:

Active surveillance

Passive surveillance

Sentinel surveillance

Registry surveillance

133-A case-control study was performed to determine whether head injury was associated with an increased risk of brain tumors in children. 200 cases with brain cancer were identified from the state cancer registry and 200 controls were recruited from the same neighborhoods where the cases lived. The mothers of the children completed a questionnaire that asked them to describe their child's past history of head injury. The investigators found that the mothers of the children with brain tumors reported a past head injury for 70 of the cases while a past history of head injury was reported in 30 of the controls. What type of bias was likely to have influenced the findings of this study?

Length bias

Recall bias

Surveillance, diagnostic, or referral bias

166-Which of the following is true about the p-value?

Indicates the probability of seeing the observed result, and results more extreme, by chance alone (given that the null hypothesis is true)

Indicates the probability that the null hypothesis is true

Rules out the role of bias and/or confounding

Indicates that the results observed are of medical or public health significance

177

Recall bias, diagnostic suspicion bias, interviewer bias and misclassification of exposure and outcome are all examples of:

Attrition bias

Observation bias

Missing data bias

Selection bias

Interviewer/recorder bias

188-

Which of the following is false?

A Type II error occurs when one rejects the null hypothesis when it is true

Type II error occurs when one fails to reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.

The probability of a type II error is denoted by beta.

Power is denoted by 1-β

199-An "association" refers to the following situation:

The factor causes the disease.

The disease causes the factor.

Something else causes the observed association.

All of the above.

200-The_______________ study design is more suitable when the disease is rare, and the __________ study design is chosen when the exposure is rare.

Case- Control, Cross- sectional

Case-control, Cohort

Cohort, Case-control

Cohort, Cross-sectional