A 25-year-old Arab American man is one day post-operative following vascular surgery. There have been no post-surgical complications.

A 25-year-old Arab American man is one day post-operative following vascular surgery. There have been no post-surgical complications. He tells his family that he is "in terrible pain", and he reports ratings of 2 to 3 on 0-10 numeric rating scale to the nursing staff. He requests pain medication every two to three hours, and will not get out of bed or ambulate.