An increase in investment demand for any given level of income and interest rates -- due, for example, to more optimistic " animal spirits" -- will,

An increase in investment demand for any given level of income and interest rates -- due, for example, to more optimistic " animal spirits" -- will, within the IS-LM framework, __ output and __ interest rates.

a. Increase; lower

b. Increase; rise

c. Lower; lower

d. Lower; raise