BAM402 all unit exams (Unit 1, 2, 3 & 4) Score 100%

Unit 1Question1) Which of the following is/are essential to any comprehensive definition of public relations?A) Public relations is a planned activity.B) Public relations is a management function.C) Public relations is socially responsible.D) B and CE) All of the above.2) Award-winning professionals prefer this Hunt and Grunig model of public relations.A) the process facilitation modelB) the two-way asymmetrical modelC) the two-way symmetrical modelD) the press agentry/publicity modelE) the public information model3) A profession is distinguished from a trade by ________.A) the establishment of ethical standardsB) ongoing research in support of the professionC) a form of licensing or government controlD) A and BE) All of the above.4) One of the advantages of a public relations career is that ________.A) it is a profession that is understood and respected by most peopleB) it is a stress-free professionC) its skills are transferable across a broad range of career opportunitiesD) All of the above.E) None of the above.5) Public relations practitioners ________.A) work for nonprofit organizationsB) serve as independent consultantsC) are employed by public relations agenciesD) All of the above.E) None of the above.6) ________ is one of the four steps in the public relations process.A) PublicityB) PromotionC) PlanningD) ProgrammingE) Propaganda Unit 1 Examination7) Among the flaws in the traditional four-step model of public relations is/are that it ________.A) doesn’t take into account the importance of valuesB) implies a process where one step automatically follows anotherC) oversimplifies a very dynamic processD) All of the above.E) None of the above.8) The first question an organization should ask itself when developing a values statement is:A) How can we win the respect of others?B) Why should be care about our customers?C) Why are we in business?D) How much money do we want to make?E) What is in it for us?9) The use of public relations strategies and tactics to foster and enhance the shared interests and values of an organization and the publics important to its success is known as ________.A) human relationsB) advertisingC) integrated marketing communicationsD) marketingE) relationship management10) In which broad category of public relations jobs are practitioners least likely to have the term public relations included in their job titles?A) governmentsB) nonprofit organizations and trade associationsC) corporationsD) independent public relations consultanciesE) public relations agencies11) In which broad category of public relations jobs do practitioners bear the greatest responsibility of their personal success or failure?A) independent public relations consultanciesB) governmentsC) public relations agenciesD) corporationsE) nonprofit organizations and trade associations 12) According to a University of Georgia survey of 2005 graduates, the average starting salary for public relations practitioners is ________.A) $25,000B) $22,000C) $16,500D) $30,000E) $20,00013) According to a 2000 PRSA/IABC survey, which of these qualities were more important to practitioners than salary?A) recognition by colleaguesB) access to technologyC) professional developmentD) creative opportunityE) all of the above14) Many public relations practitioners record how they spend their working hours ________.A) as a means of billing clientsB) to allow their supervisors to see how employees spend their timeC) for internal billing purposesD) all of the aboveE) none of the above15) Practitioners who act for the good of a relationship, rather than just one side of a relationship are fulfilling a(n) ________.A) manager’s roleB) boundary spanning roleC) consultant’s roleD) press agent roleE) independent endorsement16) Which of these individuals is generally credited with being “the father of public relations”?A) George CreelB) George V.S. MichaelisC) Ivy Ledbetter LeeD) Ron ZeiglerE) Edward L. Bernays17) Edward Bernays gets more credit as being the “father of public relations” than Ivy Ledbetter Lee because ________.A) Bernays coined the phrase “public relations”B) Bernays introduced the concepts of accuracy and ethics to the professionC) Lee worked for the Nazi sympathizers; Bernays did notD) A and BE) A and C18) The Scopes Monkey Trial ________.A) was a historic clash between science and religionB) was a publicity stuntC) focused on Darwin’s theory of evolutionD) All of the above.E) None of the above.19) The so-called “Four Minute Men” ________.A) are former track and field stars who now serve as PR spokespersonsB) were affiliated with the Creel CommitteeC) delivered patriotic messages during the First World WarD) A and BE) B and C20) Edward L. Bernays’ critics claimed that he ________.A) was sexistB) was dishonestC) was a Nazi sympathizerD) was too self-promotionalE) didn’t understand the plight of poor people21) When you communicate with one public in an attempt to reach another public, the public with whom you are communicating is known as ________.A) a latent publicB) a primary publicC) an aware publicD) a secondary publicE) an intervening public 22) ________ is/are the most powerful force in the U.S. economy.A) Business expendituresB) Government spendingC) Consumer spendingD) Industrial expendituresE) Foreign investment23) The group that spends the most money is consumers ages ________.A) 18-25B) 26-34C) 35-44D) 45-54E) 55-6424) Objections to a movie promotion in German Subway restaurants centered on ________.A) the stereotyping of minority groupsB) its anti-war messageC) explicit sexual contentD) a lack of sensitivity concerning the 9/11 terror attacks in New YorkE) the lack of diversity in the movie’s cast25) Among U.S. voters, the age group with the highest percentage of voters is ________.A) this is a trick question; voting rates don’t differ by ageB) 65 and olderC) 45-64D) 30-44UNIT 21) This element of the communication model represents the content of communication.A) noiseB) receiverC) channelD) messageE) source2) This element of the communication model represents the medium used to transmit the communication.A) messageB) channelC) receiverD) sourceE) noise3) This theory of mass communication says people are influenced by opinion leaders who may change from issue to issue.A) Agenda Setting HypothesisB) Magic Bullet TheoryC) Diffusion TheoryD) N-Step TheoryE) Uses and Gratifications Theory4) According to Abraham Maslow, ________ is/are the most basic order of needs people have.A) acceptanceB) safety needsC) self-actualizationD) self-esteemE) physiological needs5) The purpose of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence is to ________.A) anticipate future trendsB) study the evolution of public opinionC) measure public opinionD) build persuasive messagesE) counteract Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 6) According to Aristotle, an appeal to one’s reason is known as ________.A) pathosB) ethosC) eggosD) legosE) logos7) ________ is what happens when a public debate leads to a consensus.A) A social actionB) An issueC) A social valueD) An already present mass sentimentE) Public opinion8) When public relations practitioners attempt to manipulate public opinion, they run the risk of losing their ________.A) credibilityB) licenseC) accreditationD) respectE) innocence9) Communicating an idea in such a way that an audience is influenced, either intentionally or unintentionally, by the way it is expressed is known as ________.A) spinningB) manipulationC) framingD) shadingE) coloring10) The Ten Commandments is an example of ________.A) an organizational ethics codeB) a really, really long movieC) a professional ethics codeD) a societal ethics codeE) a personal ethics codes11) When you evaluate an ethical dilemma by determining definitions, values, principles and loyalties, you are applying the ethical process known as ________.A) UtilitarianismB) the veil of ignoranceC) the Potter BoxD) the golden meanE) values-driven public relations 12) In an ethical dilemma, when you try to understand the situation from others’ viewpoints, you are applying the ethical principle known as ________.A) the Potter BoxB) the veil of ignoranceC) the golden meanD) values-driven public relationsE) Utilitarianism13) The public relations practitioner’s role as a relationship manager ________.A) resolves the misleading question of whether one should serve as an advocate or as an objective observerB) can mean that sometimes it is necessary to be an advocateC) can involve the delivery of unpopular truthsD) All of the above.E) None of the above.14) The believe that one system of ethics is superior to all others and leaves no room for flexibility is known as ________.A) cultural relativismB) cross-cultural ethicsC) the golden meanD) ethical imperialismE) dilemmas15) Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative requires one to make ethical decisions as if  _______.A) we have reach the “Golden Mean of Enlightenment”B) it’s the end of the world as we know itC) there is a veil of ignorance descending upon the worldD) they would be applied as rules you want everyone else to followE) it were a life or death situation16) ROI stands for ________.A) return on investmentB) relevance of informationC) relationship ordinal indexingD) real or imaginedE) rate of interest 17) “What is your favorite color?” is an example of ________.A) a closed-ended questionB) an open-ended questionC) a rating-scale questionD) a trick questionE) a dichotomous question18) Research that focuses upon determining the issues and the client’s stake in those issues is ________.A) stakeholder researchB) quantitative researchC) client researchD) evaluation researchE) problem-opportunity research19) When everyone in a sampling frame is included in the sample, the sampling technique is known as ________.A) simple random samplingB) cluster samplingC) a censusD) systematic samplingE) cross-tabulation sampling20) The Pentagon came under sharp criticism in 2003 when it created a PAM, an online trading market designed to predict ________.A) the flow illegal immigration into the U.S.B) future terrorist activitiesC) future economic conditionsD) the effects of global warmingE) military intentions of other nations21) A public relations plan that contains strategies for dealing with a situation that may arise is called ________.A) an adhoc planB) a logistical planC) a flexible planD) a contingency planE) a standing plan 22) Crisis communications plans are a form of ________.A) standing planB) logistical planC) contingency planD) flexible planE) ad hoc plan23) Generalized statements of the outcomes you hope your plan will achieve are ________.A) building consensusB) tacticsC) objectivesD) brainstormingE) goals24) An accurate and unbiased description of the reasons why it has become necessary to take public relations actions is known as ________.A) a planning gridB) team buildingC) a situation analysisD) goal settingE) evaluative research25) A good plan is ________.A) one that includes free balloons for the kidsB) linked to dynamic and creative tacticsC) one that is inexpensiveD) makes targeted audiences happyE) tied to a specific goal UNIT 31) Public relations tactics can involve the use of ________.A) controlled mediaB) uncontrolled mediaC) special eventsD) All of the aboveE) None of the above2) Special events are designed for ________.A) participantsB) observersC) survey respondentsD) A and BE) B and C3) VNR stands for ________.A) values-negotiated riskB) video news releaseC) values-neutral researchD) video network registrationE) variable noncompliance restriction4) The acronym PAC stands for________.A) political access committeeB) public access committeeC) political assistance committeeD) political action committeeE) positive attitude committee5) What’s the best advice for a news conference?A) Have refreshments for reporters.B) Don’t do it if alternatives such as a news release would work as well.C) Have hot coffee on hand.D) Schedule it when all media can attend.E) Invite only media you know are friendly. 6) Media kits can include ________.A) backgroundersB) fact sheetsC) news releasesD) B and CE) All of the above7) The difference between a media advisory and a news release is ________.A) a media advisory is generally longer than a news releaseB) media advisories are generally used for fast-breaking news storiesC) news releases are factual and media advisories are notD) news releases can be openly promotional; media advisories usually can’tE) There is no difference. These are two names for the same document.8) When executing a public relations plan, ________ is/are among the key factors to be considered.A) deadlinesB) quality controlC) communication within the teamD) All of the aboveE) None of the above9) The person responsible for the success of a public relations plan should ________.A) always make saving the client’s/company’s money the highest priorityB) communicate frequently with clients or supervisorsC) evaluate the process only after it is completed and all the facts are availableD) All of the aboveE) None of the above10) PR Week magazine lists this/these skill(s) as essential for entry-level public relations practitioners.A) writingB) advertising copywritingC) public speakingD) web designE) A and C 11) Writing for the web is different from writing for a printed page because ________.A) the Internet provides unlimited space for detailB) computer users are more sophisticated than traditional print usersC) computer screens are harder to read than the printed pageD) A and BE) A and C12) When writing a speech, it is important to ________.A) use precise nouns and verbsB) use concrete words and imagesC) place attribution after a quotationD) A and BE) all of the above13) Presentation research starts with ________.A) planningB) a company partyC) organizationD) knowing your targeted publicE) visual aids14) Presentation planning starts with ________.A) researchB) deciding what personality you want to projectC) hiring a consultantD) being yourselfE) focus groups15) One of the best ways to get over presentation jitters is to ________.A) tell a funny joke to get everyone in a good moodB) drink several cups of coffee to calm your nerves before speakingC) ignore themD) eat a good mealE) practice your presentation 16) ________ refers to a new generation of Internet services that encourage online collaboration and sharing.A) Global villageB) Web 2.0C) Viral marketingD) Push technologyE) E-commerce17) Viral marketing proved to be an effective tactic ________.A) that led to the election of Bill Clinton as U.S. president in 1992B) with the introduction of Microsoft’s Vista operating system in 2005C) following the SARS outbreak in Canada in 2003D) with the introduction of the personal computer in 1977E) that helped the Allies counter Nazi propaganda in World War II18) The first thing one should do before establishing an Internet web site is ________.A) create a memorable URLB) determine who the audience is and what you want to sayC) estimate costsD) locate a serverE) learn HTML19) A popular collaborative software that allows multiple people to contribute to online content is known as ________.A) wi fiB) bluetoothC) cybersharingD) RSSE) wiki20) In the People’s Republic of China, the punishment for a “gross violation” of its Internet policies is ________.A) deathB) a prison sentenceC) loss of Internet accessD) deportationE) a substantial fine 21) During the Sago mine disaster in 2006, families of the trapped miners were erroneously led to believe that the men had been successfully rescued because ________.A) the mining company did not have crisis communication planB) state offi cials “jumped the gun” in a effort to get credit for the rescueC) the mining company’s crisis communications plan was not followedD) the families were impatientE) company offi cials lied to them22) The second stage of a crisis is known as ________.A) when things return to normalB) the critical momentC) the point of no returnD) the cleanup phaseE) the warning stage23) Which of the following statements is/are true?A) NASA learned to communicate better during crises after the Challenger accident.B) NASA won public praise for its handling of the Columbia accident.C) In both shuttle disasters, NASA suffered from what investigators called “go fever.”D) All of the above.E) None of the above.24) The crisis management team meets in the ________.A) executive suiteB) media information centerC) central command postD) place where the crisis is occurringE) emergency operations center25) During the 2006 Sago mine disaster, ________.A) the mining did not have a crisis communications planB) the mining company president acknowledged that he made a mistakeC) the mining company initially received praise for its crisis communicationsD) A and CE) B and C UNIT 41) At the start of the 21st century, the use of mass marketing is ________.A) holding steadyB) considered the new wave of the futureC) decliningD) increasing at a rapid paceE) None of the above.2) An indication that consumer-focused marketing is influencing public relations is ________.A) the growing number of mergers of advertising and public relations agenciesB) the decline in the growth of public relationsC) the increasing sophistication of marketing public relationsD) A and BE) A and C3) Which of the following is not one of Robert Lauterborn’s four C’s of IMC?A) convenience to buyB) consumer wants and needsC) consumer’s costD) consumer commitmentE) communication4) An IMC audit ________.A) evaluates an organization’s customer databasesB) analyzes the communications network used in marketingC) identifies and prioritizes key stakeholder groupsD) All of the above.E) None of the above.5) An information-bearing experience that a customer or prospect has with a product, service, or the market that relates to that product or service is known as a ________.A) saleB) messageC) double jeopardyD) contact6) Revlon’s use of Grammy-award winner Sheryl Crow as a spokesperson for a new line of products was an example of ________.A) targeted advertisingB) convergence of mediaC) database marketingD) glamour marketingE) marketing public relations7) Database marketing in the European Union ________.A) is in an unsafe harborB) is less restricted than in the United StatesC) is illegalD) is called “relationship marketing”E) is more restricted than in the United States8) Umbro was surprised when it discovered that its new running show was named after ________.A) a mythical sexual predatorB) the poison gas used in Nazi concentration campsC) the devilD) a variety of aardvarkE) a body part9) The Campaign for Real Beauty ________.A) used advertising as a tacticB) used viral video as a tacticC) was based on a global survey of 10,000 womenD) A and BE) All of the above.10) If the world were a village of 100 people, ________.A) 50 would own a computerB) 11 would be over the age of 79C) 9 would speak EnglishD) 2 would live in substandard housingE) 3 would have no electricity 11) According to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, ________ measures how well a society tolerates ambiguity.A) long-term orientationB) individualism versus collectivismC) masculinity versus femininityD) power distanceE) uncertainty avoidance12) Some have expressed concern that U.S. influence is being exerted globally because of U.S. dominance of ________.A) the OlympicsB) television programmingC) the moviesD) popular musicE) the Internet13) Which of the follow is/are true?A) All Swiss are punctual.B) All Japanese are polite.C) All baby boomers like the Beatles.D) All of the above.E) None of the above.14) The final step in the cross-cultural communications process is ________.A) evaluationB) continuing educationC) advocacyD) sensitivityE) testing15) characteristics based on where a person or group lives is ________.A) geoautonomyB) geometricsC) geocharactizationD) geometryE) geodemographics 16) Expression associated with the normal conduct of a democracy is known as ________ speech.A) absoluteB) freeC) democraticD) politicalE) republican17) The U.S. Supreme Court has consistently ruled that commercial speech ________.A) has no First Amendment protectionB) has limited First Amendment protectionC) is more restricted than political speechD) A and CE) B and C18) Public relations practitioners should ________.A) study law booksB) hire a really, really good lawyerC) know the laws that govern their organizationD) intern at a law firmE) take the state bar exam19) The use of someone else’s likeness for a commercial purpose without consent is ________.A) slanderB) intrusionC) fraudD) false lightE) appropriation20) A litigation public relations practitioner usually ________.A) has legal immunityB) works for the attorneyC) has a law degreeD) works for the clientE) works for the court 21) ________ is how the United Nations describes as “the growing interdependence of the world’s people through shrinking space, shrinking time, and disappearing borders?”A) DarwinismB) GlobalizationC) SocialismD) McLuhanismE) Populism22) Which of the following was not identified in your book as a social force at work influencing the future of public relations?A) the growth in world populationB) the downsizing of the United StatesC) the changing face of the United StatesD) the global spread of democracyE) Feminization in the workplace23) The demand that women be included in decision making is known as ________.A) empowermentB) role enhancementC) salary equityD) feminizationE) girl power24) According to the PRSA credibility study, ________.A) public relations practitioners got high ratings for the tactics they usedB) public relations practitioners were rated near the bottom of all professionsC) public relations practitioners rated higher than activists, athletes and politiciansD) A and BE) B and C25) ________ skills are among the most desired skills for students planning a career in public relations.A) Foreign languageB) Research analysisC) WritingD) All of the above.