class discussion

Read the 2 discussions and answers them separatelly three pages for each discussion( only use the sources that I have posted)

Discussion#1

Choose one question.

1.  Use the Eightfold Path and provide an analysis of the Flint, Michigan water pollution issue. You may use all previous articles as sources of information.

2.  Discuss how the Flint, Michigan situation fits into the US Environmental Policy discussion in Chapter 11 of Furlong.  Provide an analysis of the case using the material in the PowerPoint provided.

We will examine the following and you will write up the answer as an Question #5 for this course:

The Flint Water System was found to be toxic so the main water source reverted to the Detroit system, not the Flint River.  After the switch, the water needed to be retested.  Read the following and determine:

What is the research question?

What are the variables?

What is the research design?

What was the sampling process?

How was the data collected?

How was the data analyzed?

Why or why not was this effective? What did the results show?

• Fivethirtyeight.com What went wrong in Flint?

  http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/what-went-wrong-in-flint-water-crisis-michigan/

• Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children Associated with the Flint Drinking Water Crisis

  http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2015.303003

• We helped uncover a public health crisis in Flint, but learned there are costs to doing good science

  http://theconversation.com/we-helped-uncover-a-public-health-crisis-in-flint-but-learned-there-are-costs-to-doing-good-science-54227

• Moving Forward After Flint

  http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/2016/3/moving-forward-after-flint

• Informal and Formal Rulemaking

  http://www.wise-intern.org/orientation/documents/crsrulemakingcb.pdf

• Flint + Bureaucracy

  https://psmag.com/the-bureaucratic-malfeasance-that-created-flint-and-sebring-s-water-crises-3cc6823f3b12#.gkk4lwwru

• Atlantic article

  http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2016/04/flint-water-lead-criminal-charges/479127/

• NPR -- Bureaucrcy

  http://michiganradio.org/post/snyder-charges-show-bureaucrats-blame-flint-water-crisis#stream/0

• Outrage over Flint

  http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.callutheran.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=af3544a2-457a-4ca7-90f9-5efe48d30d66%40sessionmgr4001&vid=86&hid=4114

• Safe Drinking Water Act

  https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-04/documents/epa816f04030.pdf

• EPA and Water Safely

  https://www.epa.gov/lead/enforcing-lead-laws-and-regulations

• Administrative Law

• Origins of the EPA

  https://archive.epa.gov/epa/aboutepa/epas-origins-duties-transferred-epa-other-federal-agencies.html

• Enabling Act of the EPA

  https://archive.epa.gov/epa/aboutepa/epa-order-11102-initial-organization-epa.html

• Creating Public Value

  https://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/CSRI/publications/workingpaper_3_moore_khagram.pdf

• Congressional Record Safe Drinking Water Act

  https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL31243.pdf

• Lobby assessment of Safe Drinking Water Act

  http://lobby.la.psu.edu/015_Disinfectant_Byproducts/Congressional_Statements/House/H_Waxman_Safe_Drinking_Water.htm

• Washington Post - Anti-Flint

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/one-citys-solution-to-drinking-water-contamination-get-rid-of-every-lead-pipe/2016/05/10/480cd842-0814-11e6-bdcb-0133da18418d_story.html

• Research about Flint from Virginia Tech

  http://flintwaterstudy.org

• Plumbing Research

  http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/authors?id=10.

• Flint Water Research

  http://flintwaterstudy.org/page/3/

• State allows lawsuit to stand

  http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/michigan/flint-water-crisis/2016/10/27/flint-water-crisis/92839776/

• Flint Residents Must Begin Paying for Water

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/02/28/flint-residents-must-start-paying-for-water-they-still-cant-drink-without-a-filter/?utm_term=.795d522b3