Create a 6 page essay paper that discusses EU LAW.Download file to see previous pages... This essay demonstrates the difference between persons who are established and those who are service providers

Create a 6 page essay paper that discusses EU LAW.

This essay demonstrates the difference between persons who are established and those who are service providers within EU LAW. The essay outlines key distinction between services and establishment. There are some interesting examples of court practice concerning EU Directives application in cases of natural persons and companies. The essay considers the opportunity of dual establishment whereby one can continue to operate in its home state and can have branches in other Member States. The courts have stated that if an office is set up in the home state, that in itself would not be conclusive evidence as to establishment, similarly in respect service provider, he may set up ‘the infrastructure necessary for the purpose of performing the services in question’ in host state which can be an office, thus that would not be conclusive. In respect of establishment, the court in case 81/87 Daily Mail held that stated that Article 43 of Directive73/148 did not provide any directly effective measure for transferring a company to another member state without restrictions and thus it was found that Directive 73/148 applied only to natural persons and not to companies. Services can be way of movement of the person or analogous whereby no movement takes place. In respect of services, the important thing is its definition, which is in Article 50 TEC and stipulates the important thing that leads to determination of services, the first one being that services are temporary in nature and are under normal circumstances provided for remuneration. In respect of services being temporary in nature, the important decision was that of Gebhard. As far as remuneration is concerned, it is necessary to distinguish whether the services are economic nature or for a non-profit making purpose. A private school coming under the head of services was considered in Case 263/86 Belgium v. Humbel5 where it was found that the school was not “the nature of the activity is not affected by the fact that pupils or their parents must sometimes pay fees” so as to provide for operating expenses. However, in Case C-109/92 Wirth6 it was held that if the institute was operational with the aim of making a profit and the basic mode of financing was private fees, then that would be service under Article 49 EC Treaty. The courts have strongly detested discrimination on the basis of nationality, establishment or residence, as can be seen in Case 33/74 Van Binsbergen7 where the requirement of a person to be habitually resident in the host state was said to be contrary to Article 49 EC Treaty. 1b. In respect of Sylvester it is important to consider the decision of Gebhard whereby it was stated that the duration, regularity, periodicity and continuity of the provision of the services’ is looked into. As far as services are considered they are considered to be temporary in nature, and actual movement is not required.