Digital Map

Multiple Choice (50 points)

Each question in this section is worth one point.  Make sure to take your time and read each question carefully, then pick the best answer among the available options.

Once you make a decision, distinguish the answer you selected by using bold font.

1.      Taking a human readable address and determining the associated longitude and latitude coordinates is known as:

a.      Digital Geocoding

b.      Reverse Geocoding

c.      Forward Geocoding

d.      Sideways Geocoding

2.   Which of the following is not a dimension of color?

a.      Hue

b.      Value

c.      Hex Code

d.      Chroma

3.   Which is an example of a building block for the raster data model?

a.      Points

b.      Lines

c.      Polygons

d.      Grid of evenly sized cells

4.   Which of the following is an example of a reference map?

a.      Choropleth

b.      Dot Density

c.      Atlas

d.      Cartogram

5.   Which of the following is an example of secondary data collection?

a.      Photographic Imagery

b.      Crowdsourcing

c.      Field Collection

d.      None of the above

6.   The technical term for typefaces with decorative flourish at the end is:

a.      San-Serif

b.      Aserif

c.      Serif

d.      Fancy

7.   What is the shape of the Earth?

a.      Ellipsoid

b.      Geoid

c.      Spheroid

d.      None of the above

8.   Which of the following is not a common type of database?

a.      Object-Oriented

b.      Flat File

c.      Lattice

d.      Object-Relational

9.   Options to communicate map scale include:

a.      Ratio scales

b.      Verbal Scales

c.      Graphical Scales

d.      All of the above

10. Which file format is most commonly associated with Desktop GIS?

a.      GeoJSON

b.      SVG

c.      Shapefile

d.      All of the above

11.   When making maps, make sure to avoid using color palettes including which pair of hues below so the map remains accessible to readers?

a.      Blue-Green

b.      Orange-Yellow

c.      Green-Red

d.      None of the above

12.   The technical term for data about data is:

a.      Relatadata

b.      Explanadata

c.      Datadata

d.      Metadata

13.   The most precise representation of latitude and longitude is:

a.      Decimal Minutes

b.      Decimal Degrees

c.      Decimal Points

d.      Degrees-Minutes-Seconds

14.   The technological revolution which took web mapping mainstream was:

a.      Google Maps interface

b.      The red marker

c.      The weather widget

d.      Tiles

15.   Ancillary benefits of OpenStreetMap include:

a.      Crisis Response

b.      Thematic Mapping for the Social Good

c.      Putting Underserved Places on the Map

d.      All of the above

16. Sources of GPS signal errors include:

a.      Signal Multipath

b.      Receiver Clock Errors

c.      Intentional Degradation of the Satellite Signal

d.      Number of Satellites Visible

e.      All of the above

17. How is a web map different than a digital map?

a.      Accessible on a computer

b.      Accessible on a mobile phone

c.      Created by hand

d.      Accessible via the internet

18. This coordinate system is only used in the United States

a.      Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

b.      State Plane Coordinate System

c.      Geographic Coordinate System

d.      Cartesian Coordinate System

19. Methods of projection include

a.      Planar/Azimuthal

b.      Conical

c.      Cylindrical

d.      All of the above

20. Choose the color scheme best suited for non-numerical data:

a.      Sequential

b.      Diverging

c.      Qualitative

d.      None of the above

21. The network of imaginary lines mapmakers use to cover the surface of the reference ellipsoid is known as:

1. Latitude

b.      Longitude

c.      The Graticule

d.      None of the above

22. The vast majority of web maps utilize which projection?

a.      Robinson

b.      Mercator

c.      Sinusoidal

d.      Lambert Cylindrical Equal Area

23. When working with raw count (non-standardized) data, the best types of thematic maps to use are:

a.      Cartograms

b.      Dot Density

c.      Choropleth

d.      Proportional Representation

e.      All of the above

f.       A, B, and D

24. Why use Geographic Information Systems (GIS)?

a.      GIS Allows mapmaker to work with layers of data simultaneously

b.      GIS facilitates spatial analysis

c.      GIS makes solving simple spatial analysis problems more complex

d.      A and B

e.      All of the above

25. Which typefaces are better to use when designing a map for people to view on digital devices (e.g. screens on phones, monitors)?

a.      San-Serif

b.      Aserif

c.      Serif

d.      All of the above

26. Geographic Coordinate values in the United States for the most part conform to:

a.      Positive Latitude, Negative Longitude

b.      Positive Latitude, Positive Longitude

c.      Negative Latitude, Positive Longitude

d.      Negative Latitude, Negative Longitude

27. Requirements of open data encompass the following categories:

a.      Availability and access

b.      Reuse and Redistribution

c.      Universal Participation

d.      All of the above

28. Which of the following is not a new challenge facing cartographic journalists:

a.      Changing conceptualization of interactivity

b.      Deciding whether or not a map is the best visualization

c.      Creating a finished product which will only be displayed at a single size

d.      Engineering solutions to logistical production hurdles

29. Reasons geocoding is super complicated include, but are not limited to:

a.      Address Structures

b.      Fuzzy Matching

c.      Colloquial Names

d.      Data Licensing

e.      All of the above

30. Thematic maps which visualize more than one variable are known as:

a.      Univariate maps

b.      Multivariate maps

c.      Choropleth Maps

d.      Cartograms

31. What changed in 2012 which catalyzed the rapid growth of OpenStreetMap?

a.      The government removes Selective Availability

b.      Invention of the iPhone

c.      Google announce a new pricing scheme for Google Maps data

d.      Yahoo grants access to formerly proprietary aerial imagery

32. True or False: The raster data model more strongly associates with the discrete object view of the world than the field view of the world.

a.      True

b.      False

33. Which of the following is not a common spatial analysis method:

a.      Clip

b.      Intersect

c.      Layers

d.      Distance Measurement

34. The non-spatial components of geographic data are known as:

a.      Lat-Lon Coordinates

b.      Attributes

c.      Address

d.      All of the above

35. Reasons geocoding is super complicated include, but are not limited to:

a.      Address Structures

b.      Fuzzy Matching

c.      Colloquial Names

d.      Data Licensing

e.      All of the above

36. Which of the following is a disadvantage of proportional & graduated symbol thematic maps?

a.      Symbol Congestion/Overlap

b.      Map readers generally do not estimate the areas of symbols very well

c.      A & B

d.      None of the above

37. Weaknesses of OpenStreetMap include:

a.      No cost to use the data

b.      May include a richer and more socially valuable set of features than commercial maps

c.      Flexible data which can quickly be updated

d.      None of the above

38. GPS satellites use ________ to determine the absolute or relative locations of points.

a.      Bilateration

b.      Trilateration

c.      Quadlateration

d.      Lateration

39. Mental maps typically highlight the following spatial themes:

a.      Spatial relationships

b.      Scale

c.      Location

d.      Sequence

e.      All of the above

40. Unlike traditional maps, artistic maps emphasize _____________ instead of _________________.

a.         Physical topography, Psychological/emotional expression

b.        Function, Form

c.         Psychological/emotional expression, Physical topography

d.        GIS, GeoJSON

41. Which of the following is not a component of a traditional Geographic Information System (GIS)?

a.      People

b.      Data

c.      Chronometer

d.      Software

42. The OpenStreetMap foundation was created to support:

a.      Hosting Servers

b.      Fundraising

c.      Protection from copyright and liability lawsuits

d.      All of the above

43. The shift from analog to digital has changed maps in the following ways:

a.      The way data is collected, procured, and synthesized

b.      The media through which maps are delivered

c.      Decreased importance of an accurate title for a map

d.      A & B

44. This type of thematic map requires an enumeration unit:

a.      Cartogram

b.      Dot Density

c.      Choropleth

d.      Chloropleth

45. SQL is an acronym for __________________.

a.      Search Quick Location

b.      Search Query Latitude

c.      Search Query Longitude

d.      Search Query Language

46. Map projections distort the following spatial attributes:

a.      Angles

b.      Areas

c.      Distances

d.      Gross Shapes

e.      Directions

f.       All of the above

47. Primary inspirations for OpenStreetMap include, but are not limited to:

a.      The emerging popularity of Wikipedia

b.      To support the United Kingdom’s Government geographic data collection efforts

c.      A & B

d.      None of the above

48. Which datum is the default setting for most GPS devices?

a.      North American Datum of 1927

b.      North American Datum of 1983

c.      World Geodetic System of 1984

d.      None of the above

49. One dimensional geographic objects are typically represented as:

a.      Points

b.      Lines

c.      Polygons

d.      None of the above

50. True or False: Because maps are created by a reputable source you should automatically trust the contents.

a.      True

b.      False

Short Essay (20 points)

Write a 250-500 word response for each prompt below. If you use sources outside of the lecture slides and class discussions, you must cite those sources in text as well as in full at the end of the essay (APA Citation Style).

Essays should include an introduction with a thesis statement, conclusion, and paragraphs supporting your central argument/contention in between.

1.     Explain the contributions of the public sector (e.g. Government Agencies), education sector (e.g. Public and Private Universities), and private sector (e.g. companies such as ESRI, Google, and Mapbox) toward facilitating a shift from analog to digital map creation. Make sure to address direct impacts (e.g. advances in technology) as well as indirect impacts.

2.     Using specific examples from within the digital mapping realm, describe the difference between open data and proprietary data, making sure to highlight the implications of open data on the field of digital mapping.

Map Creation (30 points)

The objective of this section is to demonstrate an understanding of the cartographic process by creating a digital map from start to finish.  You are allowed to use whichever tools or software you prefer to create the map and/or data. A few caveats:

(1)  You are not allowed to re-create a map you made earlier in the semester.

(2)  You are not allowed to create a story map.

(3) You must change the default style (e.g. basemap, feature color) settings.

(4) You are not allowed to use the integrated datasets within CARTO, if you use CARTO.

If you decide to create a standard digital map, include it as a separate attachment. If you create a webmap, include a link to your map below, immediately before the written response.

The written response should be approximately 500 words in length and address the following: