final research paper

****************** Threats and ******************* ** ******************* ** ******************************************* ************** ** *** ******** ********** ******* to ** the ******* ** *********** ******** programs **** *** presence of ******** ********** ** ******* easy ** ********* the *********** ****** **** *** **** in ********** in *** ****** ****** ********* to security ******* ******** principles *** fundamental ** ** ************ In *** ******** ******* ****** ********** ** what should ** protected *** ** ****** be ********* *** how ** *** be ******** **** imposition ** security measures *** *********** security ******* is ****** **** *********** Integrity ************ and *************** of information *** nature of *** ******** ******* ********** the *********** ****** *** ****** ****** ***** ******* *********** ********* ** ***** *********** ** altered can lead ** *********** losses ******** principles **** in ********* ************ *** technological ******* **** *** currently ********* in *** ****** ****** **** *** ** *** exposure ** ******* *********** The use ** ********** ******* ******* ** homes *** ********* ******** to utility ******* The ****** of *** ****** sector ******* ** risk *** to *** ********** ****** ******* **** the recent collaboration ** *** nation-state ********* **** *** **** ******* ** ********* sensitive *********** ********* ******** have **** ********* to ******* ******* ****** due ** ************* It ********** * *********** ************************ ****** **** ** ************* threats has ******* **** ***** among **** ********* **** *** ****** ****** being *** of **** ******* ****** * ***** to be * **** without ************* measures Modern ******* **** ******* to ******** ************* ******* can break down *** ************* ******* This is based ** the **** that **** ***** and methods *** ** **** to **** *** ****** ******** ********** *** ******* should ******* ** ************* ******* that *** ******* ***** threats as ***** are exploit **** that **** ******* *** ******* ****** Energy A should utilize ************* measures ** protect *** network More ***** hackers **** ** attack ******* ******** When *** ******* is ********* instances ** **** loss ** ****** ************ **** *** ** ******** ******* ***** Mehravari 2015) *** ** firewalls *** ****** an ********* ******** ******* in businessesProtecting and ******** **** ** **** **** *** business *** cyber-security ******** When *** ****** ****** fails ** ******** measures it *** realize **** ****** ******* the requirements in **** ********** ******* **** the **** ** secure **** organizations ******** have reported ******** breaches ************* ******** ****** on *** ********* *** **** of *** ******** ** *** ****** ****** **** breaches **** *** ** ******** **** ***** ** ******* This is ******* *** ********** ** ****** data ********** *********** *** ******* ** ***** ******** ** *** energy ****** ***** *** ********** ** cybersecurity threats and breaches *** attacks ** the critical ************** ** *** energy sector **** *** ** measures ****** makers ******* that *** ******* of invading the *********** ******** ********* ** *** ****** sector *** created *********** ****** ******* & Mehravari ***** **** ********* ** *** energy ****** *** ******* ******** layers ** ****** *** **** ** * ****** *** ******* ** **** ***** **** ***** ** ************* ******** *** ********** ** *** ****** **************** *************** to ***** ****** there ** * ******* concern ** *** ************* ******* ** the energy sector ****** ****** **** **** involved ** ******** **** *** nations energy ****** ** *** outwitted In the ** ******* ******** **** **** ******** ** providing that the ******** *************** ** *** ****** ****** *** updated ******** infrastructure in the ****** sector ** ********* **** **** ********* *** ***** threats **** ****** **** ******* *** thus *** ** **** ****** ** the ****** sector *** attacks ** *** energy ****** ***** **** intruders hack *** ****** ****** software ******** ****** *** ******** *** focus is ** *** *********** **** ***** *********** are ****** ** the ******* ******** ***** ****** ****** **** *** ****** ****** ***** ** spend *** despite the ******** in *** ********* of risks Failure ** spend ***** to ****** *** ****** A ****** **** ***** (2018) ***** **** the energy ***** ***** ** average ** ** ******* of ***** ***** ******* a ************* low ****** Due ** *** technical ******* **** **** **** ********* over *** ***** ***** is a need for investment in ********** ******** **** *** ** **** through training of *** cybersecurity ********************** ** ********** ****** ***** *** ********** characteristics linked ** *** energy ****** It *** led ** *** enactment ** regulations **** *** ********* **** other ******* ***** *** **** *** *********** ** information *** ************* ** *** ****** ****** *************** *** **** **** ** ensure **** ***** ** ****** management of *** energy ******* *** risk ** *************** in *** ****** ****** *** been witnessed due to *** ********* attack The ***** from ** ******** **** ** ** open networking ****** has *** ** *** interconnectedness ******* *** ******** and business ******** Several *********** **** **** instituted ** ******* the energy ****** from ************* However ***** ****** argues **** *** ****** States has ****** immensely ** ********** the ****** ******** According to the ****** ******* ** *** ** ** **** the ************* **** the ***** ** ********** *** ****** new door ************* ******** ** the ******** Commission lacks ***** ******** that ***** ** *** ******** of information **************** 2018 ****** **** ********* ***** ** ** ********* in *** ****** ****** ******* *** *** ** cybersecurity strategies **** *** ******* New technology ******* **** ** *** ***** ****** ********** ***** ******** are ** use by **** organizations ** *** ****** sector ********** ** ******** ********** has been ******** *** **** is * ***** ******* ** *** ****** ****** The ****** and ******* sector are * *********** ****** ** hackers *** ********* due to *** ability to **** ******* *********** * security ******* is ***** ** *** energy sector *** ** the ******** **** occur by ******* ***** ** * **** ** ******* ******** ******** ************** ** ***** the ******** ************* ********** have been ****** ******* to ****** that most ******** ******** ** the critical ******** ************** ****** ***** ***** Francis ****** ***** **** *** ********** technologies are essential ** **** ******* ******** ********** ** ****** **** the industrial ******* ******* *** ********* to *** internet However some ********** **** along *** *** often ***** ** ** ****** by ***** ******* **** ***** *** the energy ********* ** well ** **** ************* ** ** ********** with ******** ***** ******* Strategic measures *** be ********** to **** ****** *** ****** ******************** ***************************** is * ******** principle **** ** ********* ** *** ****** ****** ****** * *** have confidential ******** ** ****** ******** **** ***** ******* ****** ***** confidentiality ** *** ******* to ***** ******* ** ** *********** ***** *************** ****** ** based on the ******* ** information but *** ***** ** ****** ** *********** **** people **** **** ****** to *********** then *************** is *********** *** ****** of confidentiality matters * ***** **** ****** ** ******** **** ** *** energy ****** by ********* ** * ********* ****** ***** ****** *** *************** ** *********** *** ****** ****** *** have ******** **** allow * **** ** ****** *** service from ** ******** access **** at *** ******* ** *** ******* ******* According ** Peltier (2016) *** ***** ** confidentiality *** ** impact ** *** ***** ** ************ *** thus the ****** ******* ********** are essentialThe ******** ********* in **** ********* ********** the ********** of ************ **** The consequences ** *** attack ** **** as ******* ********** *** security ********* determines *** ****** ** *************** *** ****** sector should **** ********** ** prevent scenarios ** ***** ********* **** *** data It *** involve ******** ************ ******** as well ** *** *** ** ********** ********** ****** engineering ********** **** been reported in *** energy sector When **** ****** ********** *** ******** **** **** to impact *** *************** ** *** ******** ******** ******* by Leszczyna ****** ******** **** ****** *********** ** *********** and ******** ********* ******** ********* ************* Intentional disclose of information is *********** and ****** not be tolerated When ***** ** confidentiality ** *** energy sector **** *********** **** ** protected from ******* **** *** ******** ********** ** the ****** ****** ****** ****** that *** company data *** ********************* can ***** **** there is ********* ** *** **** ****** Assurance is ***** on ******** *** *********** *** **** ** ********** *** *********** **** *** ** *********** **** there is ** integrity in *** energy ******* *** energy ****** ****** **** ******** *** procedures **** focus ** ******* data ******* *** ********* ** *** ****** ****** should prevent attackers on the **** ****** ** **** as ************ ********** ** ***** **** is data ** altered on *** ******* between *** user *********** *** ******* *** be ****** as ********** *** ****** sector ** ******** ** ********** *** data through *** initiation of the network ********** *** ****** ****** *** ******** ********** tools ****** access ******** as **** ** ********* detection ** * ***** ** ********** of *** **** ******** Boynton ***** **** ***** **** *** ******* data **************** ****** ** note is that all ********* ******* ** *** **** ********* backgrounds ********* **** has proved ** ***** the ********* ** *** **** ** *** ***** through the ********* ********* **** *** made when running *** programs ********* *** **** ** ******* due to ********* ****** as well ** *** *** ** wrong ******** ** data ****** *** ****** ****** *** ****** *** staff *** ***** on *** importance of **** ********* through ******** Besides ******* configuration ** part of the ************** ******* *** ** **** ** **** the ********* ** the **** ****** ******* into *** system **** *** energy ****** has accurate *** reliable data; ** ******** *** *********** *** overall output ******** ** ** 2016) **** ********* *** ******* the ****** ****** through *** ********* ** **** **** ** not ******* due to ********* of *** security ********** ************ ** *** ****** ****** is an ***** advantage ** ** ***** on *** ****** ability ** access *********** ************ ** security *** ** *********** when the ******* **** ********** ******** ** ******* *** user ******** ******* ****** * ******* ************ ** the ****** sector **** ******* on *** ******** ** ************ ***** ** **** ****** ************** *** ** done **** ******** *** ******* to ***** ** the ********** **** can prevent *** entry ** ******* *** ****** ******* ***** ********* ********** ***** *** be ******** by ********** ******** ******* *********** as the ******* ** network functioning ******** ******* ***** Rhee ***** Thus ****** implementation ******* controls and ********** *** ** ******** ** ******** ****************************** ********** *** the ******** ** * ****** ****** **** ***** **** *** ***** ** confidentiality ********* *** ************ The ability ** alter information *** ** *** ** *** availability *** ************ ** the data to ******* ***** ***** *** *************** *** ********* of the data Access to **** ****** ** **** **** ******* Situations ** ***** **** ** ******** ******* *** clear **** ***** **** it is ** ****** ************ **** availability ** * *** issue in the energy ****** ** crucial **** ** ******* ** ***** ****** ******** ** ********* information ** a challenge ** *** energy sector This ***** ************ *********** ** ** ****** ******** ** *** **** *** *** confidential *********** ******* available *** **** ******* the ********* of *** **** ** **** ****** A *** ****** **** *** **** ******* ** ****** **** ******* who *** use ********* ********** to ****** the integrity ** *** data ***** *** ******* is ***** in the ****** ****** there ** * **** ** ****** **** the ******** **** ** not altered (Kshetri 2015) **** **** ********* ***** *** **** ** ***** *********** will ** ********** a ******* *********** *** ********* *********** *** **** ******* ****** be ********* ** all ***** ************ ************* ******** *** ****** *** ********** ***** *** ****** ** **** ** ******* has **** reported ** occur ******* the third ******* *** *** ********** in *** ***** sector ****** chain *** industrial ******* ******* **** **** ***** ** ***** ****** by attackers *** ****** company * *** ****** that *** are ********* ** **** are entry ****** *** attacks *** ******* ***** damage ** *** **** The evolution **** ******* information ********** ** *** *** ** *** shows **** ******** **** have **** made ****** * *** ****** **** *** **** ** *** ****** *** ********* gains or ****** ** *** attackers * report by ******** et al ****** ***** that *** ******* *** ***** ** *** nation-state *** **** ** ****** *** crime **** **** ***** the utility *** During *** ******* **** learn *** ** ******* the ******* *** ***** **** control of the critical physical ******* ** *** companies *** ******** ******** ******* that *** ******** *** ***** on the ************ ******** ** **** ** *** ***** ***** plant **** it has become * national concernThe ****** ****** *** **** *** prime target ******** **** ******* ********** ****** to *** ******** ************** *** ******** the ****** of ******** ********* **** **** reported of attempted intrusions ** ** *** **** **** often *** cyber-attacks ****** *** ******** grid ********* ** ******* from the ************* ******* *** ************ ******* *** ************ *** number ** threat actors are ** *** rise The ******* *** *** ** human errors as **** ** *********** *** **** *** *************** *** ********* ** information Such ********* become * potential threat Besides *** nation-state ****** **** **** **** ******** for ***** *********** ******** **** *** ***** **** they contract crime ****** Such ********* **** ** **** ************ which ** **** **** *** personal ***** ***** ****** may ***** *** ********* ** the **** *** in **** **** *** *************** ** *** data (Kshetri ***** **** ******* with ****** ************* knowledge ** *** energy ****** ****** the **** they tend to use *********** ***** on *** **** *** and create a *********** ****** ** ********* affectedConclusionUnlimited access ** *** ******** ************ *** affected *** ******* of *********** ** *** ****** ****** ****** * *** ****** that the ********** ******* systems *** well ********* ** ****** **** information does *** ****** affected **** *********** ** accessed *** *************** ** the *********** ****** Besides ******* ********* *********** ******* limits ** * ********* ****** *** **** ** ********* that ** ******** ** **** ********** improves the ********* ** the *********** in *** *********** ****** *** ******** ** ******** *** ***** as * cornerstone *** **** protection ** *** ************ ** ********** ********* ********** *** *************** ********* This *** ** beneficial to *** ****** ****** ***** ***** many ************************************ * * ***** * * ***** Francis K * ****** US Energy ****** Cybersecurity: Hands-Off ******** ** Effective *********** ******* ** Information ******* ***** *************** * ****** * *********** ******** between ****** *** the ****** ************ * * ***** ********* * (2015 ****** ********** *** ********* *** cybersecurity capabilities ** *** ******** ****** ************** ** 2015 IEEE ************* ********* on ************ *** Homeland ******** (HST) (pp 1-6) *********** * ******* * & Rhee * ***** ****** ********** *** *********** ******** and ******* *** ***** ****** ** Proceedings ** the ****** Workshop on ************* ******* of ***** **** ********** *** ********* *********** *** ****** *********** * ******** * ******* * ***** ********* Z (2018) Report ** ***** ****** ******* and ***** *************** D Jha * * ****** * ***** Muccini * (2016 ********* On *** *** ** ******** principles *** ********* *** architecting cyber-physical systems ** *********** of *** **** ******** ********** ** ******** ************ ********* ** 35) ********** N ****** ****** ** cybersecurity ****** ************ ********** and ************ Computer ***** ************** * (2018) A ****** ** ********* with ************* requirements for the ***** grid ********* ***** ******** ** ************** * * ****** *********** ******** ******** Procedures *** ********** guidelines *** ********* *********** ******** management ******** PublicationsSmith * C ****** ********* cybersecurity in *** ****** sector: * ******** priority Smith * * ****** ********* ************* ** *** ****** ******* * critical ********

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