Hi, I am confused about how to solve these two homework problems (4.9 and 4. I spoke with my professor about it but it still does not make sense to...

Hi,

I am confused about how to solve these two homework problems (4.9 and 4.10). I spoke with my professor about it but it still does not make sense to me. Could you possibly provide me with an example on how to answer these questions so I know what steps to take when solving these types of questions? Thanks.