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Hi, I need help with essay on Conflict Resolution as Explained by Evolutionary and Cognitive Development Perspective. Paper must be at least 2000 words. Please, no plagiarized work!The next sections o
Hi, I need help with essay on Conflict Resolution as Explained by Evolutionary and Cognitive Development Perspective. Paper must be at least 2000 words. Please, no plagiarized work!
The next sections of this paper discuss these perspectives in detail. In addition, the paper also presents a case, which demonstrates conflict between a mother and a daughter. Lastly, it exhibits how Evolutionary and Cognitive-Development perspectives explain such case. 2.0 Perspectives of Conflict and Conflict Resolution 2.1 Evolutionary Perspective Evolutionary perspective considers conflict as costly and carries numerous risks. This perspective highlights the functional importance of behaviors that facilitate individuals’ reproductive success. It supports the assumption that behavior may entail benefits and costs for individuals (as cited in Maestripieri, 2005, p. 42). However, natural selection ensures that individuals’ perform behaviors that maximize benefits and minimize cost (Mitchell, 1999). Thus, two individuals benefit from resolving a certain conflict as they avoid incurring injury or its cost. In addition, Maestripieri (2005) asserted that it seems futile to engage in conflict where an individual continues to lose (p. 42). Likewise, it seems unnecessary for individuals who “won” the fight to risk injury by provoking an adversary who has withdrawn. Maestripieri (2006) further added that the mechanisms that enable individuals and animals to resolve conflicts are favored through natural selection (p. 2006). Maestripieri (2005) successfully demonstrated the importance of conflict resolution through the living arrangements of most primates (p. 42). Most of the primates reside in stable social groups. They derived benefits from living in the group as they can find themselves better from predators, as well as improve their competitive ability over the neighboring groups (Maestripieri, 2005, p. 42). These primates eliminate the cost of competition in the group through successful resolution of conflict. The increased need for co-existence and dependence in social groups foster a conflict resolution strategy that entails minimal cost to individuals (Sponsel, 1996, p. 100). Maestripieri (2005) also reiterated that non-kin primates still benefit from effective conflict resolution strategies (p. 42). He explained that promoting a healthy relationship with a partner through exchange and reciprocity increases their competitive ability. Such long-term relationship necessitates effective means of resolving conflict (Maestripieri, 2005, p. 42). Sandole and Merwe (1993) stress that individuals are biologically hardwired to manifest affection, reciprocal grooming, and bonding to increase their chances of survival (p. 47). Individuals’ limbic system is connected with the cortex and hypothalamus, which are primarily responsible for all affective relations. It also promotes effective means of dealing with a particular conflict (Sandole & Merwe, 1993). 3.0 Cognitive-Development Perspective This perspective concentrates on the developmental changes and adaptive social functioning, which occur as individuals have learned to adjust and adapt to the conflict-inducing circumstances. Cognitive-Development perspective considers conflict as inevitable due to individual differences in beliefs, principles, and values (as cited in Maestripieri, 2005, p. 45). Thus, individuals concentrate in dealing with conflict instead of eliminating it. They learn new strategies as they become familiar to
