Hi, I need help with essay on Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of considering cognitive development to be either a universal process common to all people. Paper must be at least 1000 words. Please

Hi, I need help with essay on Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of considering cognitive development to be either a universal process common to all people. Paper must be at least 1000 words. Please, no plagiarized work!

While some have viewed cognitive development as a universal process that is common to all people, some have considered it a continuous process, which results in individual differences. Therefore, basing on these perspectives, this essay will address their strengths and weaknesses. The debate on whether cognitive development occurs as a universal process and in discontinuous stages to people everywhere, or whether it occurs as a continuous process, with individual people exhibiting differences resulting from their different learning histories, has persisted today. However, most of the researches conducted show isolation of different elements. For instance, the researches that show stages of cognitive development, do not explain the environmental effects and the differences in individuals, while those that show environmental effects or individual differences, fail to explain the developmental stages. Therefore, this means that the various theories and researches adopted for this subject exhibit different strengths and weaknesses (Fischer &amp. Silvern 1985). The French psychologist, Jean Piaget (1896-1980) developed the theory of cognitive development by observing children in their natural environment. In his theory, he argued that in cognitive development, there are two major principles, and these are adaptation and organization. Adaptation involves the desire for a cognitive equilibrium. If a child is faced with a cognitive conflict, they will adapt through assimilation or accommodation. On the other hand, Piaget considered organization to be the ability of an individual’s mind to organize and structure information, into schemas. Most importantly, Piaget addressed the stages of cognitive development in children, and developed four major stages. These include the sensorimotor stage (0 to 2years), the preoperational stage (from two to seven years), the concrete operational period (from seven to eleven years), and the formal operations (from eleven to fifteen years). Overall, Piaget considered cognitive development to be a universal process, which is common to all people in different regions (Beilin &amp. Pufall 2013). From Piaget’s theory, cognitive development is not continuous, and is universal. The weakness in this view is that it fails to consider other factors, which might influence cognitive development, since Piaget only dwelt on the universal stages of cognitive development and ignored factors such as socio-economic status, culture, and social setting, among others. In addition, this view is solely based on findings from observations and clinical interviews and not laboratory results. Therefore, since this view is based on subjective evidence, then this is more likely to be interpreted in a biased manner. Nonetheless, this view might be considered important because it offers a basis for comparing cognitive development across contexts and across varying cultures. Additionally, this view helps to preserve a meaningful approach for cognitive development in a world, which experiences diverse behavior. Additionally, this explains the stages in cognitive development, since any development is sequential (Fischer &amp. Silvern 1985). Vgotsky (1896-1934), studied about how information from the external environment was transformed and internalized by an individual. He regarded language and social interaction to play a great role.