Hi, need to submit a 1750 words essay on the topic Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms.Download file to see previous pages... The Purchasing Power Parity principle (PPP) was enunciated by a

Hi, need to submit a 1750 words essay on the topic Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms.

The Purchasing Power Parity principle (PPP) was enunciated by a Swedish economist,

Gustav Cassel in 1918. According to this theory, the price levels (and the changes in

these price levels) in different countries determine the exchange rate of these countries

currencies. The basic tenet of this principle is that the exchange rates between various

currencies reflect the purchasing power of these currencies. This tenet is based on the

Law of One Price.

...

It also makes a

few additional assumptions.

No transaction costs in the foreign currency markets: It assumes that there are no costs

involved in buying or selling a currency.

Basket of commodities: It also assumes that the same basket of commodities is

consumed in the different countries, with the components being used in the same

proportion. This factor, along with the Law of One Price, makes the overall price levels

in different countries equal.

Though the explanation provided by the absolute PPP is very simple and easy

to understand, it is difficult to test the theory empirically. This is due to the fact that the

indexes used in different countries to measure the price level may not be comparable due

to:

-- the indexes being composed of different basket of commodities, due to different needs

and tastes of the consumer.

-- the components of the indexes being weighted differently due to their comparative

relevance,

-- different base years being used for the indexes.

Due to these reasons, these price indexes cannot be used to evaluate the validity of the

theory.

The relative form of PPP:

The absolute form of PPP describes the link between the spot exchange rate and

price levels at a particular point of time. On the other hand, the relative form of PPP talks

about the link between the changes in spot rates and in price levels over a period of time

reflect the changes in the price levels over the same period in the concerned economies.

Relative PPP relaxes a number of assumptions made by the Law of One Price and the

absolute PPP.

These are:

Absence of transaction costs

Absence of transportation costs

Absence of tariffs.