Hierarchical Racial Discrimination in America

Your paper should be ten to twelve pages long, double-spaced, with one-inch margins in twelve-point font, Times or Times New Roman. Draw specific examples from your readings and lecture to support your argument. Analyze a specific form of hierarchy, for example race, class, or gender, in America from 1607 to 1845.  In your paper you might explore how hierarchy changed over time, what conditions made hierarchy possible, and how groups attempted to combat hierarchy and what opposition and constraints they encountered.Should use more primary sources and should have 8 or more sources.Have 6 pages need 4 to 6 more and for the first 6 to be edited and more detailed and include more sources and to be re-written to flow with and include the entire time from 1607-1845.HAVE TO USE: Kingdom of Matthias by Paul E. Johnson and Sean WilentzShould use the readings and known knowledge:Readings:Jack Hitt, “Mighty White of You: Racial Preferences Color America’s Oldest Skulls and Bones,” Harper’s, July 2005, pp. 39-55 on Canvas04: Wednesday, January 25: Creating the Atlantic WorldReadings:Alan Taylor, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (New York: Penguin Press, 2002), pp. 24-37, 51-66 on CanvasDocuments: Christopher Columbus, The Diario of Christopher Columbus’s First Voyage to America, (1492-1493), on Canvas; Bernal Diaz del Castillo, The Conquest of New Spain, (1632), on Canvas; Mexican Accounts of Conquest from the Florentine Codex, (c. 1547), on Canvas; Bartolomé de Las Casas, The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account, (1542), on Canvas; “Two Views on Columbus Day,” (1991 and 2005) on Canvas05: Friday, January 27: SectionsWeek 3:06: Monday, January 30: The Atlantic Slave TradeReadings:“Why Were Africans Enslaved?” in David Northrup, ed., The Atlantic Slave Trade, Second Edition (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2002), pp. 1-29 on CanvasDocuments: John Hawkins, “An Alliance to Raid for Slaves” (1568), Willem Bosman, “Trading on the Slave Coast” (1700), Olaudah Equiano, “Kidnapped, Enslaved, and Sold Away” (c. 1756) on Canvas07: Wednesday, February 1: An English Empire in the AmericasReadings:Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker, The Many Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, and Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Atlantic (Boston: Beacon Press, 2000), pp. 8-35 on CanvasDocuments: George Peckham, “A True Reporte of the Late Discoveries,” (1583); Richard Hakluyt, the Younger, “Discourse of Western Planting,” (1584); Richard Hakluyt, the Elder, “Inducements to the Liking of the Voyage Intended towards Virginia,” (1585) on Canvas08: Friday, February 3: SectionsWeek 4:09: Monday, February 6: EncounterReadings:Kathleen Brown, “The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier,” in Negotiators of Change Historical Perspectives on Native American Women, ed. Nancy Shoemaker (New York: Routledge, 1995), pp. 26-48 on CanvasDocuments: John Winthrop, “But What Warrant Have We To Take That Land” (1629) (See document collection in “08”); John Smith, “Description of Virginia” on Canvas; Father Paul LeJeune, “Encounter with the Indians” on Canvas10: Wednesday, February 8: Colonial America: ChesapeakeReadings:Alan Taylor, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (New York: Penguin Press, 2002), pp. 138-157 on CanvasDocuments: [Virginia Company], “A True Declaration of the Estate of the Colonie in Virginia,” (1610) (See document collection in “08”); James Revel, “The Poor Unhappy Transported Felon’s Sorrowful Account of His Fourteen Years Transportation at Virginia in America,” (c. 1680) on Canvas; “Servitude and Slavery in 17th-Century Virginia Courts,” (1630-89) on Canvas11: Friday, February 10: SectionsWeek 5:12: Monday, February 13: Colonial America: New EnglandReadings:Alan Taylor, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (New York: Penguin Press, 2002), pp. 158-186 on CanvasDocument: Mary Rowlandson, from “The Narrative of Mary Rowlandson” (1682) on Canvas13: Wednesday, February 15: Colonial America: LowcountryReadings:Alan Taylor, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (New York: Penguin Press, 2002), pp. 222-244 on CanvasDocument: “The Stono Rebellion in South Carolina” (1739) on Canvas14: Friday, February 17: SectionsWeek 6:15: Monday, February 20: Colonial America: Middle ColoniesReadings:Alan Taylor, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (New York: Penguin Press, 2002), pp. 246-272 on CanvasDocument: Gabriel Thomas, “Pennsylvania, The Poor Man’s Paradise” (1698) on Canvas16: Wednesday, February 22: Colonial (Dis)OrderReadings:Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker, “Sailors and Slaves in the Revolution,” in The Social Fabric, ed. Thomas L. Hartshorne (New York: Longman, 2006), pp. 131-49 on CanvasDocuments: “New Jersey Land Riots” (1746 and 1748) on Canvas; William Livingtons, “The Vanity of Birth and Titles; with the Absurdity of Claiming Respect without Merit” (1753) on Canvas; Paxton Boys, “Manifesto” (1764) on Canvas; North Carolina Regulators, “Shew Yourselves to be Freemen” (1769) on internet (Links to an external site.); J. Hector St. John Crèvecoeur, “What is an American?” (1770) on Canvas17: Friday, February 24: SectionsWeek 7:18: Monday, February 27: War and RebellionReadings:Documents: Thomas Paine, Common Sense, Section I (Links to an external site.), Section II (Links to an external site.), Section III (Links to an external site.) on internet; Ann Hulton, “Loyalist View of Colonial Unrest” (1774) on Canvas; Thomas Jefferson, “Declaration of Independence” (1776); Abigail and John Adams, “Remember the Ladies” (1776) on Canvas; Joseph Brant, “Mohawk Loyalty to Britain” (1776) on Canvas; John Dickinson, “A Speech Against Independence” (1776) on Canvas; Slave Petitions for Freedom during the Revolution (1774-79) on Canvas19: Wednesday, March 1: Founding of a New NationReadings:Documents: William Finlay, “On Democracy, Banks, and Paper Money,” 1786 on Canvas; Shay’s Rebels, “Grievances,” 1786 on Canvas20: Friday, March 3: Sections*First segment of paper due at the beginning of class*Week 8:21: Monday, March 6: “We the People”Readings:Alfred F. Young, “The Pressures of the People on the Framers of the Constitution,” in Major Problems in American History, Volume I, 3rd Edition, eds. Elizabeth Cobbs-Hoffman et al., 139-146 on Canvas; Ron Chernow, “The Founding Fathers Versus the Tea Party,” New York Times (2010) on internet (Links to an external site.)Documents: Constitution (1787) on internet (Links to an external site.); Bill of Rights (1791) on internet (Links to an external site.); Elbridge Gerry, “The Danger of the Levilling Spirit” (1787); George Clinton, “To The Citizens of the State of New York,” (1787); James Madison, “The Federalist, No. 10,” on Canvas22: Wednesday, March 8: Competing Visions for the Early RepublicReadings:Drew R. McCoy, “The Fears of the Jeffersonian Republicans” on Canvas; Linda Kerber, “The Fears of the Federalists” on CanvasDocuments: Governor Thomas Mifflin, “Proclamation on Unlawful Combinations,” 1794; Judge Alexander Addison, “On the Whiskey Rebellion” (1794) on Canvas23: Friday, March 10: *Mid-Term Exam*Week 9: Spring Break – Class CanceledWeek 10:24: Monday, March 20: American Expansion and Indian RemovalReadings:Paul E. Johnson and Sean Wilentz, Kingdom of Matthias, pp. 3-48      Document: Tecumseh’s Plea to the Choctaws and the Chickasaws on Canvas; James Tallmadge, “Denunciation of Slavery in Missouri” (1819) on Canvas25: Wednesday, March 22: Market RevolutionReadings:Paul E. Johnson and Sean Wilentz, Kingdom of Matthias, pp. 49-90      Documents: James Flint, “Panic of 1819” (1822) on Canvas; David Crockett, “Advice to Politicians” (1833) on Canvas26: Friday, March 24: SectionsWeek 11:27: Monday, March 27: Northern Working ClassReadings:Paul E. Johnson and Sean Wilentz, Kingdom of Matthias, pp. 91-164Documents: B. Julianna, “Factory Life as it Is” (1845) on Canvas; “Accounts of Urban Riots” (1835) on Canvas; William Sanger, “New York Prostitutes” (1858) on Canvas28: Wednesday, March 29: Northern Middle ClassReadings:Paul E. Johnson and Sean Wilentz, Kingdom of Matthias, pp. 164-180Documents: Excerpt from David Walker’s Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World (1829) on Canvas and William Lloyd Garrison’s “On the Constitution and the Union” on the internet (Links to an external site.)29: Friday, March 31: SectionsWeek 12:30: Monday, April 3: Creating the “Old South”Readings:Stephanie McCurry, “The Two Faces of Republicanism: Gender and Proslavery Politics in Antebellum South Carolina,” Journal of American History, Vol. 78, No. 4 (Mar., 1992), pp. 1245-1264 on CanvasDocuments: Augustus Baldwin Longstreet, from Georgia Scenes on Canvas; Daniel R. Hundley, from Social Relations from Our Southern States on Canvas; Mary Boykin Chesnut, from The Private Mary Chesnut on Canvas; Reverend Thornton Stringfellow, A Brief Examination of the Scripture Testimony of the Institution of Slavery, 1841, on Canvas31: Wednesday, April 5: Life in the “Quarters”Readings:Brenda Stevenson, “Distress and Discord in Virginia Slave Families, 1830-60,” in In Joy and In Sorrow: Women, Family, and Marriage in the Victorian South, 1830-60, pp. 103-124 on CanvasDocuments: Harriet Jacobs, from Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl on Canvas; Frederick Douglass, from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass on Canvas