I need some assistance with these assignment. the hydrolysis of alpha-amylase Thank you in advance for the help!

I need some assistance with these assignment. the hydrolysis of alpha-amylase Thank you in advance for the help! For each temperature, iodine was placed in each row of the spot plates and the bacterial and fungal amylase and starch mixture solutions contained in the test tubes were added to the spots depending on time and temperatures. Different times are used in order to obtain reliable results. The optimal temperature was determined by observing the color change in the spot plates and comparing it with the color coding scheme (Alberte, Pitzer, and Calero 340).

The results indicated that bacterial amylase had an optimal temperature of 600C while fungal amylase had an optimal temperature of 400C. This means that fungal amylase has a lower optimal temperature compare to bacterial amylase. This means that bacterial amylases would work at a higher temperature than fungal amylases. The fungal amylases are likely to denature at the high temperatures. In addition, conclusions also suggested that change in temperature affects the working of the enzyme amylase. At extremely high or low temperatures enzymes were denatured or inactive therefore the inability to function best. This reduced their ability to break down starch (Cordeiro, Martins, and Luciano, 2002).

Substrates such as starch undergo reactions by binding to specific active sites of enzymes such as amylase to form different simple products. Active sites are specific sites that enzyme and substrate molecule combine at specific sites complementary to each other through a lock and key theory and induced fit theory of enzyme action. For instance, starch is broken down by amylase to form maltose which can be easily absorbed in the body. The shape of the enzyme changes rapidly to allow the substrate to bind. Amylase is composed of saliva and pancreatic juices to break down long chains of carbohydrates such as starch into smaller molecules like maltose and sucrose. Generally, enzymes play an important role in complex processes&nbsp.such as digestion and are used in industrial processes. Most enzymes are obtained from bacteria and fungi. An enzyme is a complex protein whose function is to speed up chemical reactions through catalysis. Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions. In chemical reactions, enzymes are not consumed therefore can be re-used. Minute quantities of enzymes are enough to catalyze a reaction (Bisena, 201).