I need the annotated bibliography at least by may 3. I have given the project guidelines in a document. I have already done a thesis statement here Thesis Statement: The pros and cons of hydroelectric

Hydroelectric Power

Harnessing thousands of cubic meters of water every day is what hydroelectric station

do and have been doing so for decades. They are factories that convert moving water into

electricity. Most hydroelectric stations build a dam across a river in a bid to raise the water

levels to create the needed drop, which in turn creates the force. If not, the stations use water

created and diverted by a natural drop from waterfalls or rapids. Water at a higher level is

collected and flows through a plant’s intake where it is directed into a turbine. As the water

flow and pressure increases, it drives the turbines connected, to the generator. The rotors

attached to electromagnets create the flow of electricity. It is stepped up, through

transformers and directed to transmission lines as electricity for distribution (Dennis, 2017).

Hydroelectric power, also known as dams is just one way, we get electricity to support our

day to day lives. Dams create a large amount of the world’s power and are a great renewable

source as it does not pollute the air like fossil fuels or coal. However, dams or hydroelectric

power can also be harmful to our environment as it affects the natural land area and disrupts

wildlife habitats. It in return can hurt the environments natural waterways and destroy certain

wildlife in an area.

However, not all dams serve to benefit the environment and its people. They at times

do more harm than good. The damming of the Elwha River is such an example. The Olympic

Mountain Range, where the Elwha River flows from, is an example of a dam that has forever

altered the ecology of the river. By 2020, it is estimated that dams in the U.S will have

maximized their 50-year life expectancy. When they age, they begin to disintegrate.

Sediments clog reservoirs, spillway gates get rusty, and the walls of concrete begin to

collapse . Due to this, dams fail, and the results can be disastrous . The good thing about

decommissioning a dam is that it could have a positive impact on restoring the environment,

as is the case with the decommissioning of the Elwha River.

In the early 1900’s it was unlawful to build a dam without some way for fish to pass

through. The building of dams, which block fish pathways into well-established fisheries, is

considered arrogant and negligent, even though dams produce sources of reliable electricity.

The dams brought electricity, but very few families were able to afford the connection to

these power lines. There were also instances when fish were in plenty, and it was not

uncommon to bump into thick salmon before the building of the dam on Elwha River. The

constructions of the two dams, however, prevented the fish from going up the river. It was the

first stage of environmental degradation (Conserve-Energy-Future, 2018).

With dams flooded at more than 700 acres, salmon disappeared from the environment.

It has caused the taking of the two dams out to try to restore the river's ecology. Salmon fish,

on the other hand, are eaten regularly as they replace themselves continuously. The

undamming of the Elwha River, though it could not reverse the damage done to these species

of fish, caused irreversible damage on the land. Before the building of dams, droughts and

vicious floods were things that plagued waters. It seems to be the case before the undamming

of these dams on the Elwha River.

Though most blame such arrogance and neglect on corruption and sabotage, the

decommissioning of the dams was a last resort. It still is in the hopes that the river goes back

to its former state and the fish will multiply to the plentiful numbers they were before. Also,

it was in a bid to connect people, to whom Elwha was their lifeline, to the principal river from

the mountains. These tribes got cheap electricity when the dams were built, and they paid a

high price for this. The dams flooded and their sacred sites were destroyed, salmon faded

from the river, the tribes lost their primary source of income and food, and most were forced

to leave their ancestral home.

With cheap electricity and the habitat severely degraded, it was decided that the costs

of the dams on the environment were more than what it did to benefit the community in terms

of cheap electricity. Dam removal, though many did not think a viable solution, made sense

to gain the ecosystem lost. To salvage and save any salmon left, scientists use snorkel

surveying, to determine the size, amount and species of fish going upstream to get a clear

number of abundance levels of these fish. The decommissioning of these dams will mean the

restoration of the salmon, which not only were a source of income to some of the river tribes,

but they were also food to wild animals, and they enriched the Elwha River with their

carcasses. With the return of the salmon, the whole of the watershed is expected to flourish.

Despite blocking salmon from going upstream, the dam also stopped sediments from flowing

downstream. In the case of the Elwha, the problem with the dams was too much sediment.

Reference

Conserve-Energy-Future. (2018). Disadvantages of Hydro Power - Conserve Energy Future.

[online] Available at: http://www.conserve-energy

future.com/Disadvantages_HydroPower.php [Accessed 4 Jun. 2016].

Talks more on the negative effects that dams have and highlights effects such as

sedimentation, death and a reduced number of fish, and degradation of the environment. It

further explains ways to better take care of the environment and conserve energy. Among

many other concerns on the safety of the dams, the journal provides more insight on the

geological and environmental damages dams have. Notwithstanding, there are people who

are affected negatively with some of these effects being irreversible. By touching more on the

disadvantages than advantages, it works to help save the environment and stop the arrogant

and selfish methods to benefit a certain group of people.

Dennis, J. (2017). Hydroelectric Power. The New Book of Popular Science. 34(5), 107 – 109.

In his book, Dennis explains more what hydroelectric power is and what is used for as well as

its advantages. He gives examples of hydroelectric power plants and mentions dams and

pumped storage plants as examples. He explains how they are not only used to produce

power but also store power. He gets into the science behind the creation of electricity from

water and accredits it all to the force and drop of the water. The book tries elaborating how

generators spin turbines to get water pumping from areas as rivers. By having the power

stored, it can be distributed as electricity to various parts of a country but only if generators

are activated to produce electricity.

Running Head: HYDROELECTRIC POWER  HYDROELECTRIC POWERInstitution:Name:Date:HYDROELECTRIC POWER  2Hydroelectric PowerHarnessing thousands of cubic meters of water every day is what hydroelectric stationdo and have been doing so for decades. They are factories that convert moving water into electricity. Most hydroelectric stations build a dam across a river in a bid to raise the water levels to create the needed drop, which in turn creates the force. If not, the stations use water created and diverted by a natural drop from waterfalls or rapids. Water at a higher level is collected and flows through a plant’s intake where it is directed into a turbine. As the water flow and pressure increases, it drives the turbines connected, to the generator. The rotors attached to electromagnets create the flow of electricity. It is stepped up, through transformers and directed to transmission lines as electricity for distribution (Dennis, 2017). Hydroelectric power, also known as dams is just one way, we get electricity to support our day to day lives. Dams create a large amount of the world’s power and are a great renewable source as it does not pollute the air like fossil fuels or coal. However, dams or hydroelectric power can also be harmful to our environment as it affects the natural land area and disrupts wildlife habitats. It in return can hurt the environments natural waterways and destroy certain wildlife in an area.However, not all dams serve to benefit the environment and its people. They at times do more harm than good. The damming of the Elwha River is such an example. The OlympicMountain Range, where the Elwha River flows from, is an example of a dam that has forever altered the ecology of the river. By 2020, it is estimated that dams in the U.S will have  maximized their 50-year life expectancy. When they age, they begin to disintegrate. Sediments clog reservoirs, spillway gates get rusty, and the walls of concrete begin to collapse . Due to this, dams fail, and the results can be disastrous . The good thing about decommissioning a dam is that it could have a positive impact on restoring the environment, as is the case with the decommissioning of the Elwha River. HYDROELECTRIC POWER  3In the early 1900’s it was unlawful to build a dam without some way for fish to pass through. The building of dams, which block fish pathways into well-established fisheries, is considered arrogant and negligent, even though dams produce sources of reliable electricity. The dams brought electricity, but very few families were able to afford the connection to these power lines. There were also instances when fish were in plenty, and it was not uncommon to bump into thick salmon before the building of the dam on Elwha River. The constructions of the two dams, however, prevented the fish from going up the river. It was thefirst stage of environmental degradation (Conserve-Energy-Future, 2018).With dams flooded at more than 700 acres, salmon disappeared from the environment.It has caused the taking of the two dams out to try to restore the river's ecology. Salmon fish, on the other hand, are eaten regularly as they replace themselves continuously. The undamming of the Elwha River, though it could not reverse the damage done to these species of fish, caused irreversible damage on the land. Before the building of dams, droughts and vicious floods were things that plagued waters. It seems to be the case before the undamming of these dams on the Elwha River. Though most blame such arrogance and neglect on corruption and sabotage, the decommissioning of the dams was a last resort. It still is in the hopes that the river goes back to its former state and the fish will multiply to the plentiful numbers they were before. Also, it was in a bid to connect people, to whom Elwha was their lifeline, to the principal river fromthe mountains. These tribes got cheap electricity when the dams were built, and they paid a high price for this. The dams flooded and their sacred sites were destroyed, salmon faded from the river, the tribes lost their primary source of income and food, and most were forced to leave their ancestral home. HYDROELECTRIC POWER  4With cheap electricity and the habitat severely degraded, it was decided that the costs of the dams on the environment were more than what it did to benefit the community in termsof cheap electricity. Dam removal, though many did not think a viable solution, made sense to gain the ecosystem lost. To salvage and save any salmon left, scientists use snorkel surveying, to determine the size, amount and species of fish going upstream to get a clear number of abundance levels of these fish. The decommissioning of these dams will mean the restoration of the salmon, which not only were a source of income to some of the river tribes, but they were also food to wild animals, and they enriched the Elwha River with their carcasses. With the return of the salmon, the whole of the watershed is expected to flourish. Despite blocking salmon from going upstream, the dam also stopped sediments from flowing downstream. In the case of the Elwha, the problem with the dams was too much sediment.  HYDROELECTRIC POWER  5ReferenceConserve-Energy-Future. (2018). Disadvantages of Hydro Power - Conserve Energy Future. [online] Available at: http://www.conserve-energy      future.com/Disadvantages_HydroPower.php [Accessed 4 Jun. 2016].Talks   more   on   the   negative   effects   that   dams   have   and   highlights   effects   such   assedimentation, death and a reduced number of fish, and degradation of the environment. Itfurther explains ways to better take care of the environment and conserve energy. Amongmany other concerns on the safety of the dams, the journal provides more insight on thegeological and environmental damages dams have. Notwithstanding, there are people whoare affected negatively with some of these effects being irreversible. By touching more on thedisadvantages than advantages, it works to help save the environment and stop the arrogantand selfish methods to benefit a certain group of people.Dennis, J. (2017). Hydroelectric Power. The New Book of Popular Science. 34(5), 107 – 109. In his book, Dennis explains more what hydroelectric power is and what is used for as well asits advantages. He gives examples of hydroelectric power plants and mentions dams andpumped storage plants as examples. He explains how they are not only used to producepower but also store power. He gets into the science behind the creation of electricity fromwater and accredits it all to the force and drop of the water. The book tries elaborating howgenerators spin turbines to get water pumping from areas as rivers. By having the powerstored, it can be distributed as electricity to various parts of a country but only if generatorsare activated to produce electricity.