I will pay for the following essay Different Approaches in Critical Psychology. The essay is to be 4 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.Download file to see

I will pay for the following essay Different Approaches in Critical Psychology. The essay is to be 4 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.

This latest approaches to psychology criticize the mainstream psychology and attempts to use improved understanding on psychological issues to cause social changes, and to prevent and treat psychopathology (Hepburn, 2003). One advantage of critical psychology over the mainstream/conventional psychology is that the former regards the social classes, groups and challenges that influence peoples’ social, mental and physical well-being quite highly (Fox &amp. Prilleltensky, 1997). This paper explores the various approaches to critical psychology namely, the Critical Value Framework, Social Constructionism, Feminism and Positive Psychology. Social Constructionism The criticism of the weaknesses and unexplained issues with the positivist epistemology and other mainstream approaches to psychology could be cited as the factors that prompted the emergence of critical psychology approaches such as social constructionism. Unlike the positivist approach, which postulates that objects pre-exist knowledge, the social constructionism approach to psychology asserts that both objects and all the knowledge about them are socially constructed. The social constructionism approach to critical psychology thus supports the movement towards a relativist epistemology. According to social constructionism, no single explanation should be rejected or considered useless. instead, every interpretation of knowledge is as valid as any other (Burr, 1995). Social constructionism thus promotes the social construction of reality, events and subjects, further emphasizing that people decide on what to believe. Importantly, social constructionism is rooted in sociology, cultural studies and post-modernism (Gergen, 2008). Feminism Feminism is the other critical approach to psychology that emerged due to the criticism of mainstream psychology. In the mainstream psychology, gender is considered an important categorization in which women are ignored and issues or topics relevant to their lives and needs less attended compared to men’s issues. In fact, little research was carried out on non-feminist emotions, marriage and motherhood since such subjects were viewed as women’s issues. Feminism thus emerged to accord women and girls a high value and worth in the society on their own right, recognising and highlighting their social needs for change. Feminism also sought to challenge certain perceptions that mainstream psychology had created which mismeasured women and portrayed women as having internalized oppression. It was therefore time to bring changes by listening to women’s voices and displacing the sex differences created by the mainstream psychology. The avenues through which the mainstream psychology had mismeasured women that feminism sought to address resulted in low self-esteem, low self-confidence, difficulties in developing self sense and identity and undervaluing of self-effort in women. Feminism psychology thus postulates that women felt inferior due to oppression and that such feelings of inferiority are in reality, not in-built. Central in causing this oppression are not men but women’s own lack of self-esteem. Furthermore, feminism seeks to displace certain fundamental questions on sex differences. In this context, women should never be considered inferior nor should men be considered superior, trends that undermine the importance of the sex differences. In fact, feminism psychology postulates that femininity and masculinity are inherent I everyone. Instead of exploiting sex and gender as differences between men and women, various types of feminism psychology insists that sex/gender should be socially constructed to become a principle upon which social categorization is based (Parker, 2007).