I will pay for the following essay Molecular Identity. The essay is to be 10 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.Download file to see previous pages... The pa

I will pay for the following essay Molecular Identity. The essay is to be 10 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.

The paper, instead, expounds upon the seven cation-coupled chloride cotransporters that have been described to date with specific emphasis placed on KCC2. The cotransporter KCC2 is evident in neuronal processes with specific preference for inhibitory ones where ergic action is relevant. KCC2 action precedes the ergic one as the KCC2 action brings down the intracellular chloride concentration to optimum levels to make it possible for ergic action. The phylogenetic, molecular and structural-functional details of the cotransporters have also been provided with special emphasis on KCC2. The CAD cell line, new in studies like this, has been introduced. The cell line exhibits catecholaminergic voltage dependent currents across membranes. Specific experimentation details have not been provided. A 5708 nucleotide region of the SLC12A5 gene that encodes the KCC2 cotransporter protein was probed with two 20 bp bits, left and right primer details in Appendix, with RT-PCR analysis. The resulting 206-nucleotide insert was perfectly amplified with one complement in the RT-PCR at temperatures varying from C - C. mRNA isolated from undifferentiated and differentiated murine CAD cells were used for the analysis. Electrophoresis of the RT-PCR products through 1.5% agarose gel revealed that most of the inserts had been perfectly complemented once during the RT-PCR producing evidence that the SLC12A5 gene is present in both murine differentiated and undifferentiated CAD cells and that these cells can, thus, later be used as culture media for further study of the KCC2 cotransporter expression and molecular identity. This is of great importance to such study as a suitable cell line has been hard to find so far and the easy manner in which the gene revealed itself in this study assures that this cell line can be a very convenient medium of further such studies

Contents:

1. Introduction8-9

1.1 CAD Cells9-10

1.2 The Cotransporters (KCC1, 2, 3 &amp. 4)10-11

1.3 The Electroneutral Cotransporters11-12

1.4 Cotransporters KCC111-15

1.4.1 Genetic Details

1.4.2 Structure

1.4.3 Function and Location

1.5 Cotransporter KCC315-16

1.5.1 Genetic Details

1.5.2 Location

1.6 Cotransporter KCC416-17

1.6.1 Molecular Genetics with Structural Identity

1.6.2 Function and Location

1.7 Cotransporters: General Features17

1.8 Cotransporter KCC217-24

1.8.1 Phylogenetics

1.8.2 Structural and Locational Implications

1.8.3 Structural and Locational Implications

1.8.4 Specific Neuronal Location

1.8.5 Regulatory Action

1.8.6 Neuron-Specificity

1.8.7 Post- and PreNatal Concentration

1.8.8 Immunohistochemical Analysis

2. Methodology

2.1 RNA Isolation Technique24

2.2 RNA Isolation Protocol24-27

2.3 Estimation of RNA Yield27-29

2.3.1 Vol. Isolated RNA in Differentiated Cells

2.3.2 Vol. Isolated RNA in Undifferentiated Cells

2.4 Primer Design29

2.5 The PCR Analysis29-30

2.6 Gel Electrophoresis Technique30-31

3. Results31-41

4. Discussion42-43

5.