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Need an research paper on engineering and construction cost effective low carbon buildings. Needs to be 13 pages. Please no plagiarism.

Need an research paper on engineering and construction cost effective low carbon buildings. Needs to be 13 pages. Please no plagiarism. While the green design is hugely a 21st-century concept. Keeler (2009) notes that green design was there back in time 700 A.D in the United States. An Indian tribe known by the name Anasazi Indians had managed to build a house that incorporated all the aspects of a good house, in that it protected them from elements like wind, cold extreme hit of rain in addition to wild animals. What is amazing is the design incorporated recyclable material that was non-toxic natural and non-conventional. Though this is not possible to apply to modern housing, it showcases that green design in architecture is an idea that was long before our time.

Early on our ancestors designed their houses using Hides, leaves, branches, and sticks. During those days the majority of the people were nomadic thus a temporary house fitted the time perfectly. While for the Indians this was designed and carefully developed considering all aspects of architecture. The same was not across the world with most people only building houses as temporary shelters.

However, Kibert (2013) notes that the agrarian revolution created a cause for people to stay in one place for a longer time. This was followed by the advancement in design as people started to integrate long-lasting materials like Timber, stones, and clay. This was to be quickly followed by synthetic materials like bricks which were not only long-lasting but also far prestigious and a symbol of success. Later on, in the industrial revolution, poorer populations were to turn to plastics and metals with industries going for metal when creating industrial structures since it was cheaper than bricks.

Krygiel et al (2008) note if there was a time that green designing would have revolutionized our houses was the 80s. The rise of the green movements acknowledging the need for change had pushed to revolutionize housing designs. This however did not last as energy-saving was the cornerstone of their argument, while in the 80s energy was not only cheap but the least of anyone concern. This was in direct opposition to the cost of materials used to build greenhouses which further contributed to the demise of the green housing idea.

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