please help Chapters four and five of They Say, I Say discuss signal verbs and voice markers. You can use the following signal verbs to signal

please help

Chapters four and five of They Say, I Say discuss signal verbs and voice markers.

You can use the following signal verbs to signal readers how you have evaluated your source, and "signal" to them how to respond, while voice markers differentiate between who is "speaking" - you or a source - and when you are moving beyond summary to respond to a quotation. They may specifically identify a speaker - X states that, Y argues that - or indicate, for example, disagreement - "and yet," "however," etc.; in general, the move from the source material to your opinion.

What is the difference between the following ways of introducing quotations?

1)    Elon Musk claims that the Tesla is an environmentally friendly vehicle vs. 2) Musk demonstrates the ways in which the Tesla benefits the environment.

2)    Smith assumes that climate and weather are interchangeable terms vs. 2) Smith explains that difference meanings of climate and weather.

3)    Clinton denies accusations of corruptions vs. 2) Clinton refutes accusations of corruption.

4)    Pruit challenges the scientific consensus regarding climate change vs. 2) Pruit rejects the scientific consensus regarding climate change.

5)    Spicer asserts that there was no wrongdoing vs. 2) Spicer alleges there was no wrongdoing.

6)    Nye illustrates the benefits of GMOs vs. Nye supports the benefits of GMOs.

For each of these common signal verbs, denote the tone or meaning of the verb; what do they "signal"?

analyzes

assumes

believes

claims

discusses

explains

illustrates

implies

observes

presents

reports

shows

speculates

states

suggests