Question 1 (5 points) Some of the earliest psychologists to take up the challenge of studying learning were of the __________ school of thought,

Question 1 (5 points)

Some of the earliest psychologists to take up the challenge of studying learning were of the __________ school of thought, which suggested that we can only study that which can be seen and observed.

Question 1 options:

behavioral

nomothetic

ideographic

empirical

Question 2 (5 points)

While __________ conditioning focuses on spreading a reflexive response to a new precipitating stimulus, __________ conditioning utilizes an organism's ability to associate actions with future consequences.

Question 2 options:

operant; vicarious

vicarious; latent

latent; classical

classical; operant

Question 3 (5 points)

Research has found that the __________ becomes activated during challenging working-memory tasks.

Question 3 options:

limbic system

amygdala

frontal lobe

cerebellum

Question 4 (5 points)

Dr. Heritos watches with some amusement as her students struggle to find the right answers on their midterm exam, and her mind wanders to the parts of the brain that are involved in memory. As she sits in her chair proctoring the exam, which part of her brain is most active while she retrieves long-term memories?

Question 4 options:

the frontal lobe

the parietal lobe

the temporal lobe

the occipital lobe

Question 5 (5 points)

Mort is going to the supermarket to pick up seven items - a toilet brush, shampoo, apples, toothpicks, baby diapers, a birthday card, and pasta. He has them written down in this order on his shopping list, but he gets to the store and finds that he's left the list at home. He finds the first few things and the last few things on his list, but for all of his effort he cannot remember that he needed toothpicks. This tendency to forget things that came in the middle of a list of items is called the __________ effect.

Question 5 options:

recency

primacy

serial position

pseudo-forgetting

Question 6 (5 points)

"The process of memory is like using one of those 'Storage USA' businesses," Professor Fisher tells her class. "You have a place to keep your stuff, but the three main processes have to work or else you're just wasting your money. __________ is like putting stuff into the locker you rented, storage is keeping it safe there over time, and retrieval is taking it out later on when you need it."

Question 6 options:

Integration

Encoding

Intake

Application

Question 7 (5 points)

Mischa bought a new gate to install at the top of his stairs so that his young son couldn't have an accident. He took the gate out of the box and studied the instructions for several minutes, before deciding that he knew all he needed to know. With tools in hand, Mischa then proceeded to get horribly lost during the installation of the gate. The difference between knowing how to install the gate and actually being able to do the installation is an example of the __________ distinction.

Question 7 options:

studying-doing

knowledge-use

theory-application

learning-performance

Question 8 (5 points)

Which type of encoding tends to lead to the longest amount of retention?

Question 8 options:

visual encoding

auditory encoding

semantic encoding

iconic encoding

Question 9 (5 points)

Young Rachel is in her second-grade class, when the teacher announces a new challenge. "Every time you memorize a new poem and recite it before the entire class, you will get a gold star. As soon as you get twenty gold stars, you get to pick a prize out of the prize box!" The new star chart, a beautiful grid on multicolored poster board, is placed at the front of the class for all to see. Rachel immediately pulls out her reader and looks for a poem she can memorize. What type of conditioning has Rachel's teacher used to help stimulate a memory-enhancing activity?

Question 9 options:

reinforcing conditioning

classical conditioning

vicarious conditioning

operant conditioning

Question 10 (5 points)

When you study for an exam, knowing that the outcome could make or break your semester grade, you are using __________ encoding.

Question 10 options:

imperative

affective

affected

conscious

Question 11 (5 points)

Which of the following is true about the relationship of the conditioned response (CR. to the unconditioned response (UR.?

Question 11 options:

The CR will be much stronger than the UR in classical condition.

The CR appears before the UR in classical conditioning.

The CR and the UR refer to the same action, but they are elicited by different stimuli.

The UR is something that will eventually extinguish, but the CR remains permanently.

Question 12 (5 points)

__________ is the process by which experience results in a relatively permanent change in future behavior.

Question 12 options:

Cognition

Assimilation

Learning

Adaptation

Question 13 (5 points)

Which bit of evidence suggests that eidetic memory isn't truly photographic?

Question 13 options:

The fact that eidetic memory can only recall concepts and not specific details.

The fact that eidetic memory can also apply to auditory stimuli.

The fact that eidetikers sometimes make errors.

The fact that eidetikers have a much greater chance of being color-blind.

Question 14 (5 points)

When you are given a list of stimuli to remember, you are going to have a particularly easy time remembering the first two or three things on that list. This is an example of the __________ effect.

Question 14 options:

recency

serial position

primacy

visual

Question 15 (5 points)

__________ encoding is the process of encoding meaning.

Question 15 options:

Semantic

Sensory

Working

Interpretative

Question 16 (5 points)

"I'll never forget the day my daughter was born," said Lakia's mother. "I remember the people who were there, what they were wearing, how I felt, and the joy of seeing her for the first time!" Clearly, the birth of her daughter was a __________ to Lakia's mother.

Question 16 options:

photographic

explicit

eidetic

flashbulb

Question 17 (5 points)

__________ forgetting is a type of forgetting in which a person is specifically told to forget about certain information.

Question 17 options:

Requested

Demanded

Cued

Directed

Question 18 (5 points)

The process of learning associations between two events based on repeated exposure to those stimuli is called __________.

Question 18 options:

conditioning

instinctive drift

innate learning

associative learning

Question 19 (5 points)

All learning is, in some way, a result of __________.

Question 19 options:

experience

interpretation

reflection

interaction with media

Question 20 (5 points)

The __________ memory is a type of sensory memory that involves visual stimuli.

Question 20 options:

sensory

iconic

echoic

photographic