Question 1 Which of the following statements accurately describes relative risk?

Question 1

Which of the following statements accurately describes relative risk?

Question 1 options:

A)

It measures the amount of disease directly attributable to a particular exposure.

B)

It tells you the proportion of people who have a disease.

C)

This measure is used with a case-control study.

D)

This measure is used with a cohort study.

Question 2 Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe an odds ratio?

It is an estimated measure of disease risk.

This measure is most appropriately used with case-control studies.

(c) This measure is based on disease prevalence within a group.

(d ) When calculating this measure, you first choose case and control groups, and then compare their exposure.

Question 3

Attributable risk is important because it can help health professionals to know how much of a disease can be prevented by eliminating contact with a related exposure.

               A) True

               B) False

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that is spread when larval forms of the parasite penetrate the skin during contact with infested water. You are working in a village of 205 people, where it is hypothesized that spread of schistosomiasis is occurring through contact with local well water. You find that 125 of the villagers use the suspected well, while the rest of the villagers do not use the well. After gathering urine samples, you find that 104 of the villagers who use the well are infected with schistosomiasis. Only 15 of the villagers who do not use the well are infected.

Question 4

Part I: Calculate the relative risk.

Question 5

Part II: Interpret your results.

Question 6

Part III. Calculate the attributable risk.

Question 7

Part IV. Interpret your results.

You are conducting a case control study to determine if an association exists between melanoma and indoor tanning. From a statewide cancer registry, you identify 1,107 people who were diagnosed with melanoma during the last three years. You select 1,500 controls for your study. Through a follow-up survey, you find that 696 of those with melanoma had a history of indoor tanning. 48.2% of the control group reported no exposure to indoor tanning.

Question 8

Part I: Calculate the odds ratio.

Question 9

Part II: Interpret your results.

Calculate the matched pairs odds ratio for the following data. The disease is Congestive heart failure... The exposure (X) is a patient history of hyperlipidemia. We have matched each case with a control that has the same personal history of prior heart attack. O

CASES  CONTROL

X            O

X            X

X            O

O            O

O            O

O            X

X            O

X            O

O            X

X            O

O            O

X            O

X            X

X            O

O            O

X            O

O            X

X            O

X            O

X            X

O            O

X            O

O            X

O            O

X            O

X            O

O            X

CONTROLS       

CASES                  X            O            Total

X                                            

O                                            

TOTAL  

Question 10

Calculate the matched pairs odds ratio for this problem.