Questions 1 - 4: Research Problem and Purpose.

Questions 1 - 4: Research Problem and Purpose. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 2, 5, and 12)

Which choices below best reflect the problem statement for the instructor-assigned article?

a. According to the World Health Organization, adherence to long-term therapies averages only 50% in developed countries.

b. This study used a prospective, correlational design to examine the relationships among illness representations, treatment beliefs, medication adherence, and 30-day readmission rates in aging adults with CHF.

c. Understanding the factors that affect adherence is critical in developing strategies to increase adherence and prevent negative outcomes, including 30-day hospital readmissions.

d. According to the American Heart Association, 5.1 million Americans have this chronic condition.

2. Which of the choices below best reflects the purpose statement for the instructor assigned article?

To investigate the relationships among illness representations, treatment beliefs, medication adherence, and 30-day hospital readmission for HF exacerbation in aging adults with chronic HF.

Despite advances in the treatment of chronic HF, there has been no improvement in hospital readmissions among these patients.

Adherence to therapeutic treatment regimens is necessary for the management of chronic illness.

A purpose statement is not clearly offered by the authors in this article.

3. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), which of the following statements are important when considering the significance and relevance of a study's problem and purpose? (Select all that apply.)

Does it predict the non-significant findings anticipated in the study?

Does it consider ethical principles in its design?

Does it specifically influence nursing education in university settings?

Does it identify the future research to be generated by the study?

Does it promote theory testing or development?

Does it identify extraneous variables?

4. When considering the feasibility of a study's problem and purpose, Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015) suggest that several areas should be evaluated, including: researcher expertise, money commitment, ethical considerations, and availability of subjects, facilities, and equipment. Which of the following statements accurately assesses the feasibility of this article? (Select all that apply)

Funding sources for the study were clearly identified in the article.

The author's credentials to design and conduct research are described.

Evidence of protection of the subjects' rights was mentioned in this article.

100% of the eligible subjects contacted participated in the study.

Questions 5 - 7: Review of the Literature. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 6 & 12.)

5. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), which one of the following is NOT a major purpose of the review of literature (ROL):

Describing the current knowledge of the practice problem

Identifying gaps in the knowledge base of the practice problem

Explaining how the current study contributes to the knowledge being built

To explain the reasons behind the selection of the statistics used in the study.

6. Select three MAJOR topics covered in the review of literature (ROL) from the list below:

Adherence to therapeutic treatment regimens is necessary for the management of chronic illness.

b. Heart failure is a progressive condition that has become a significant health problem and one that increases as individuals age.

c. This study used a prospective, correlational design to examine the relationships among illness representations, treatment beliefs, medication adherence, and 30 day readmission rates in aging adults with CHF.

d. Leventhal et al. proposed the Common Sense Model (CSM) to describe health and illness behaviors.

e. A total of 97 subjects were recruited into the study between August 2012 and March 2013.

f. Despite advances in the treatment of chronic HF, there has been no improvement in hospital readmissions among these patients.

7. Current knowledge in the review of literature (ROL) (all information included before the "Methods") is considered to be articles that are within 5 years of the publication date of the article. This is often assessed by reviewing the citations that are used in the ROL and counting the number that meet this criterion. Which number below most closely reflects the number of current citations in the ROL? (HINT-look for references in the ROL that are between 2016-2012.)

0

2

4

6

Questions 8 - 10: Study Framework. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 7 & 12)

8. Which one of these statements best describes this study's research framework?

a. This study has an implicit framework, which is not fully developed.

b. Common Sense Model and the Necessity-Concerns Framework were chosen to examine the relationships among illness representations, treatment beliefs, medication adherence, and 30 day hospital re-admissions in aging adults with chronic HF.

c. Suboptimal recommendation and practice adoption have been illustrated in several studies.

d. The Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire (BAMQ) is designed to assess commonly held beliefs about medicines.

9. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), nursing uses theories to organize their body of knowledge and establish what is known about a phenomenon. Elements of a theory that may be found in a nursing research article include: (Select all that apply.)

a.concepts: the basic element of a theory (also known as a construct or variable).

b.research problem: the identified gap in the theory.

c.dependent variable: what is operationally measured by the theory.

d.relational statements: clarify the relationships that exist between concepts.

e.descriptive design: the quantitative research design used to describe a theory.

10. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), a(n) __________________is an abstract logical structure of meaning, such as a portion of a theory which guides the development of the study and enables the researcher to link the findings to nursing's body of knowledge.

a.phenomena

b.grand nursing theory

c.relational statement

d.study framework

Questions 11 - 15: Research objectives, questions, or hypotheses and research variables. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 5 & 12)

11. On page 246, the authors state that the research objective, question, or hypothesis was to: "examine the relationships among illness representations, treatment beliefs, medication adherence, and 30 day readmissions in aging adults with chronic HF." This is best described as a

Research objective

Research question

Research hypothesis

None of the above

12. Which of these are considered to be MAJOR research variables in this study. (Select all that apply)

illness representation

psychological stress

self-efficacy

medication adherence

hospital readmission

13. What is the conceptual or theoretical definition (as defined in the methods section) of the following study variable: medication adherence.

a. adherence to therapeutic treatment regimens is necessary for the management of chronic illness.

b. the degree to which a person's medication-taking behavior corresponds with agreed recommendations from a healthcare provider.

c. cognitive and emotional illness representations.

d. the conceptual or theoretical definition of medication adherence is not clearly provided in the methods section.

14. What is the operational definition (as defined in the methods section) of the following study variable: treatment beliefs.

a. The operational definition of treatment beliefs was not clearly provided in the methods section.

b. The Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire (BAMQ).

c. A set of beliefs about an illness that guide the selection and execution of coping procedures or action plans.

d. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ)

15. Which demographic variables were assessed by the author for this study? (Select all that apply.)

age

socioeconomic status

zip code

education level

work status

number of children

Questions 16- 19: Research Design (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 1, 8, & 12)

16. Which phrase best describes the research design of this study?

Descriptive

Correlational

Quasi-experimental

Experimental

Mixed methods

17. Which phrase best describes the time element of the research design of this study?

a. Cross-sectional design

b. Longitudinal design

c. None of the above

18. Does the study include a treatment or intervention described in the methods section?

a. The Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire (BAMQ) used in the study may be considered a treatment or intervention.

b. Subject's blood pressure was recorded each day after the intervention for a month.

c. Research assistants approached potential subjects and provided a flyer that briefly described the study and gave a verbal explanation of the study purpose.

d. This study was not designed with a treatment or intervention.

19. Does the author specifically mention that a pilot or pilot study was done prior to conducting this study?

a. Yes

b. No

20. The authors indicate on page 247 of the article that the institutional review boards of Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey and the recruitment hospital approved the study. This indicates than an IRB gave approval to conduct the research. In addition, an informed consent was provided to each participant. Per Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), which of the following would NOT be considered essential information for informed consent? (Select all that apply.)

a. a statement of the research purpose and any long-term goals of the study

b. a copy of the abstract of the article that will be used in the publishing journal.

c. an explanation of the procedures to be followed in the study

d. a complete list of references to be used in the study.