Statistically speaking, we are generally agnostic to which is a bigger problem, type I (false positive) errors or type II (false negative) errors.

Statistically speaking, we are generally agnostic to which is a bigger problem, type I (false positive) errors or type II (false negative) errors. However, in certain circumstances it may be important to try and put more emphasis on avoiding one or the other. What is an example of where someone may want to try harder to avoid one type or another? What is a policy; political, economic, social, or otherwise, that pushes people toward avoiding one type or another? What are the repercussions of such policies?