Tadakos teachers have steadily been working on her self-esteem by frequently commenting on how nice it is to have Tadako as a member of their

Tadakos teachers have steadily been working on her self-esteem by frequently commenting on how nice it is to have Tadako as a member of their classes. Which strategy are these teachers engaging in?1. Travis is 4-year-old adventurous and curious boy who likes to play in the backyard. Travis often comes up with different ideas to interact with nature, such as catch a bird with a butterfly net, make mud pies with his mother’s garden tools, etc. His parents encourage him to test out his ideas as long as they are not dangerous. Because his parents support his plans, he will probably grow up with:a. autonomy.b. initiative.c. industry.d. trust.2. Blanche is 4 years old. What would Blanche MOST likely say if you asked her to describe who she is?a. “I am quiet, nice, and friendly.”b. “I have brown hair, and I have a bicycle.”c. “I like preschool, especially reading, and I am good in art.”d. “I am the daughter of Sam and Renee and the sister of William.”3. Five-year old Joe is crying because his favorite aunt is moving away. His parents are in the kitchen arguing about how to respond to the situation. Joe’s father wants to tell him “big boys don’t cry.” Joe’s mother wants to tell him “it is okay to cry when you feel sad.” According to research, which response will be most helpful for Joe?a. Joe’s father’s response.b. Joe’s father’ response, but only because Joe is a boy. For girls, Joe’s mother’s response would be more helpful.c. Joe’s mother’s response.d. Joe’s mother’s response, but only because Joe is around preschool age. For older children, Joe’s father’s response would be more helpful.4. In order for children to take effective moral action, they need to be able to __________ and __________.a. learn to identify others’ emotional states; anticipate what will improve others’ emotional states.b. learn to regulate their emotional states; teach other children to regulate their emotional states.c. overcome their innate desire to hurt others; learn to do things for the good of the group.d. deny their natural selfish tendencies; be concerned with the well-being of other people.5. Jerome and Hani got up early on Saturday morning and decided to make “breakfast in bed” for their mother. While reaching for the bed tray in the back of the hall cabinet, they accidentally bumped and broke one of their mother’s favorite porcelain dolls. Jerome KNEW that he was going to get into “big trouble,” and he thought that he SHOULD get into big trouble. Hani told him not to worry because Mom would understand that it was an accident. In what stage would Jean Piaget categorize the moral reasoning, respectively, of Jerome and Hani?a. Jerome—autonomous morality; Hani—heteronomous moralityb. Jerome—heteronomous morality; Hani—autonomous moralityc. Jerome—universal law morality; Hani—context-specific morality.d. Jerome—context-specific morality; Hani—universal law morality.6. According to the social cognitive theory of gender, social influences on gender role development appear to operate mainly through:a. cognitive processes stimulated by other people.b. learning processes in the company of other people.c. biological processes stimulated by social interactions.d. a complex interaction of biological processes.7. Which of the following statements is true concerning parenting practices and gender development?a. Fathers are more consistently given responsibility for the nurturance and physical care of their children.b. Mothers are more likely than fathers to engage in playful interactions with their children.c. Mothers are more likely than fathers to treat their sons and daughters differently.d. Fathers are more involved in socializing their sons than their daughters.8. Research on peer pressure to conform to traditional gender roles suggests that:a. there is greater pressure for boys.b. there is greater pressure for girls.c. pressure to conform is equal for both boys and girls.d. neither boys nor girls are pressured by their peers to conform.9. Suzie just brought home her report card. She earned Cs and Ds in all of her classes. When looking at the grades, her father stated, “You are an embarrassment to me! You better get those grades up, or else!” Suzie’s Dad is most likely a(n):a. authoritarian parent.b. authoritative parent.c. indulgent parent.d. neglectful parent.10. Ursula just brought home her report card. She earned Cs and Ds in all of her classes. Ursula’s mom’s first response was “Oh, you must be very disappointed.” Then, the two of them sat down and tried to determine why she was having difficulty and what they could do to help her get her grades up. They decided that Ursula would start seeing a tutor after school. Ursula’s mom is most likely a(n):a. authoritarian parent.b. authoritative parent.c. indulgent parent.d. neglectful parent.11. Bernard just brought home his report card and placed it on the television set. Bernard told his dad that he was required to bring the card back to school tomorrow with the signature of one of his parents. Bernard’s dad told him to move out of the way because he could not see the TV. The next morning, Bernard found his report card where he left it, unsigned. He signed his dad’s name and put it in his backpack. Bernard’s dad is most likely a(n):a. authoritarian parent.b. authoritative parent.c. indulgent parent.d. neglectful parent.12. Penelope has low self-esteem and is unhappy. She appears to be anxious around her peers and has few friends. Her teacher asks her why she sat by herself at lunch. Penelope states that the other kids would not want her to join them, because she is ugly and dumb. It is most likely that she grew up in a home with parents who were:a. authoritarian.b. authoritative.c. indulgent.d. neglectful.13. Research conducted by Ruth Chao (2001, 2005) suggests that:a. the high control of “authoritarian” Asian parents is best conceptualized as “training” and is distinct from the domineering control that is generally associated with the authoritarian style of parenting.b. “authoritarian” parenting is “authoritarian” parenting, whether the parent is Asian American, African American, or European American.c. contrary to many stereotypes, Asian parents are indulgent and permissive.d. consistent with stereotypes, Asian parents are domineering, controlling, and have rigid/unrealistic expectations for academic achievement in their children.14. Research linking corporal punishment and child behavior has been associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:a. immediate compliance.b. higher levels of aggression.c. higher levels of moral internalization.d. behavioral problems at school and with peers.15. Which of the following age groups tends to be most negatively affected by the parents’ divorce and why?a. pre-school children because of their egocentric thinking.b. k to 2rd graders because they tend to develop loyalty conflictsc. 3th to 5th graders because they tend to develop psychosomatic symptoms.d. adolescents because they may have to take on additional family roles.16. Who may exhibit the worst behavioral problem at home and at school?a. Anthony with a stepfather is who a very nice person and who use Authoritative parenting style.b. Bobby with parents who get along very well after the divorce.c. Cory with parents who always fight and argue but refuse to even consider getting divorce for the sake of Cory.d. David with parents who have been divorced but continue to fight and argue since divorce.17. Social class differences in parenting behaviors have been found in the United States and most Western cultures. Low-income and working-class parents are more likely to __________ than middle-class parents.a. incorporate their children’s perspectives in disciplineb. use reasoning to accompany their disciplinec. use authoritarian parenting styled. be involved in their children’s education18. Which statement BEST summarizes Daniel Berlyne’s views about children’s play?a. Play is important for developing motor skills and coordination.b. Play is important only because it occupies children during times when they are not learning more important things.c. Children use play as a way to digest past experiences, to derive meaning from what has happened to them.d. Children use play as a way to explore new things and as a way to satisfy their natural curiosity about the world.19. Using props, plots, and roles in play is characteristic of:a. associative play.b. constructive play.c. pretense/symbolic play.d. sensorimotor/practice play.20. Eight-year-old Joshua is obese. His excess weight puts him at risk for all of the following, EXCEPT:a.