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The layer of tissue that anchors the heart to the diaphragm and sternum, is fused to the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart, and that prevents overstretching of the heart is the:
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
2) The layer of tissue that anchors the heart to the diaphragm and sternum, is fused to the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart, and that prevents overstretching of the heart is the:
A) mediastinum.
B) fibrous pericardium.
C) parietal layer of the serous pericardium.
D) visceral layer of the serous pericardium.
Answer:
Topic: PERICARDIUM
4) The _____ is an external feature of the heart that is located between atria and ventricles.
A) fossa ovalis
B) foramen ovale
C) coronary sulcus
D) interventricular sulcus
Answer:
Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
6) Which of the following vessels deliver blood to the right atrium?
1. superior vena cava
2. inferior vena cava
3. pulmonary veins
4. coronary sinus
5. pulmonary arteries
A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 4, 5 C) 1, 2, 4 D) 2, 3
Answer:
Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
7) Which of the following vessels carries blood away from the heart?
A) coronary sinus B) pulmonary vein
C) inferior vena cava D) pulmonary artery
Answer:
Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
8) There are four sets of valves in the heart:
1. bicuspid
2. tricuspid
3. pulmonary semilunar
4. aortic semilunar
What is the correct order in which blood flows through these valves, starting in the right atrium?
A) 1, 4, 2, 3 B) 1, 3, 2, 4 C) 2, 3, 1, 4 D) 2, 4, 1, 3
Answer:
Topic: VALVES OF THE HEART
9) The AV valve in the left side of the heart is known as the:
A) bicuspid B) pulmonary semilunar.
C) tricuspid. D) aortic semilunar.
Answer:
Topic: VALVES OF THE HEART
10) Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched?
A) bicuspid valve; oxygenated blood
B) tricuspid valve; deoxygenated blood
C) pulmonary semilunar valve; deoxygenated blood
D) all of the above pairs are correctly matched
Answer:
Topic: VALVES OF THE HEART
14) A vascular sinus, such as the coronary sinus, is best described as:
A) a large thin-walled vein.
B) a large thin-walled artery.
C) a connection between blood vessels that allows for multiple routes of blood flow.
D) blood-filled connective tissue.
Answer:
Topic: CORONARY CIRCULATION
16) The SA node, or pacemaker, of the heart:
A) is located on the anterior wall of the right atrium.
B) is located on the anterior wall of the left atrium.
C) generates action potentials at a faster rate than other regions of the conduction system.
D) generates action potentials at the same rate as other regions of the conduction system.
Answer:
Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
17) Which condition of the heart is most likely to contribute to “pulmonary hypertension” (increased blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit)?
- mitral valve stenosis (narrowing)
- tricuspid valve stenosis
- patent (open) ductus arteriosus
- increased number of trabeculae carnae
Answer:
Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
18) Increased or decreased length of chordae tendinae (e.g. due to some cardiac pathology) will effect:
- opening of the tricuspid valve
- closure of the mitral valve
- opening of the pulmonary valve
- closure of the aortic valve
Answer:
Topic: STRUCTURE OF THE HEART
20) An adult heart with a patent (open) foramen ovale would demonstrate a “hole” or opening between which two heart chambers?
- right ventricle and left ventricle (interventricular defect)
- right atrium and left atrium (interatrial defect)
- right atrium and right ventricle (right AV orifice)
- left atrium and left ventricle (left AV orifice)
Answer:
Topic: DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY OF THE HEART
TRUE/FALSE. Write "T" if the statement is true and "F" if the statement is false.
21) An occlusion (blockage) in the left coronary artery will restrict a large amount of blood flow to the sinoatrial node.
Answer:
Topic: CORONARY CIRCULATION
22) Pericardial fluid is located in a space external to the visceral pericardium.
Answer:
Topic: PERICARDIUM
25) The fossa ovalis is a thin spot or depression in the interatrial septum.
Answer:
Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
26) The coronary sinus carries oxygenated blood.
Answer:
Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
27) The pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Answer:
Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
28) The coronary arteries carry oxygenated blood to the myocardium.
Answer:
Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
29) The tricuspid valve is located at the right atrioventricular opening.
Answer:
Topic: VALVES OF THE HEART
30) Chordae tendineae assist the cusps of the semilunar valves in preventing backflow of blood.
Answer:
Topic: VALVES OF THE HEART
34) Cardiac contractions depend upon signals from the autonomic nervous system.
Answer:
Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
35) Heart rate is normally altered by the effects of autonomic nervous stimulation or hormones such as thyroid hormone and epinephrine.
Answer:
Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
36) The heart first begins to develop as two endothelial tubes that unite to form the primitive heart tube.
Answer:
Topic: DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY OF THE HEART
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
37) Surface projection refers to outlining the shape and location of an organ using landmarks on the surface of the organ body. Describe the surface projection of the heart.
Answer: 1. superior right point: 3 cm to the right of the midline, at the superior border of the third right costal cartilage
2. superior left point: 3 cm to the left of the midline, at the inferior border of the second left costal cartilage
(A line connecting these two points corresponds to the base of the heart.)
3. inferior left point: 9 cm to the left of the midline, in the fifth left intercostal space. This corresponds to the apex of the heart.
(A line connecting the superior and inferior left points corresponds to the left border of the heart.)
4. inferior right point: 3 cm to the right of the midline, at the superior border of the sixth right costal cartilage
(A line connecting the inferior left and right points corresponds to the inferior surface of the heart. A line connecting the inferior and superior right points corresponds to the right border of the heart.)
Topic: LOCATION AND SURFACE PROJECTION OF THE HEART
38) Trace the path of a drop of blood from the time it enters the heart via the superior vena cava until it is in the arch of the aorta.
Answer: The route described should contain, in order, the following: SVC, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary artery, (capillaries in) lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, ascending aorta, arch of aorta.
Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
39) State three functions of the skeleton of the heart.
Answer: The functions are valve and muscle attachment, prevention of overstretching of the valves, and electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles.
Topic: SKELETON OF THE HEART
41) Describe the location and the function of each portion of the conduction system during one cardiac cycle (one complete heart contraction).
Answer: See the list of conduction system components and the description of the spread of excitation on p. 403.
Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
43) The inferior left point of the heart is the surface projection of the _____ of the heart, and is located in the fifth left intercostal space, 9 cm to the left of the midline.
Answer: pex
Topic: LOCATION AND SURFACE PROJECTION OF THE HEART
44) The study of the heart and heart disease is called _____.
Answer: ardiology
Topic: INTRODUCTION
45) The pericardial cavity is found between the epicardium and the _____ layer of the serous pericardium.
Answer: parietal
Topic: PERICARDIUM
47) The anterior and posterior interventricular sulci are external features that mark the location of the _____ inside the heart.
Answer: interventricular septum
Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
48) AV valve cusps are connected by strong cords called _____ to _____ muscles on the walls of the ventricles.
Answer: hordae tendineae, papillary
Topic: VALVES OF THE HEART
49) The _____ branch is the artery located in the coronary sulcus.
Answer: ircumflex
Topic: CORONARY CIRCULATION
52) The contraction phase of a chamber of the heart is referred to as _____.
Answer: systole
Topic: CARDIAC CYCLE
MATCHING. Choose the item in Column 2 that best matches each item in Column 1.
Match the layers of the heart wall in Column 1 with their description in Column 2.
54) Column 1: myocardium
Column 2: thickest layer, muscular
Answer: thickest layer, muscular
Topic: HEART WALL
55) Column 1: endocardium
Column 2: continuous with the lining of the blood vessels
Answer: ontinuous with the lining of the blood vessels
Topic: HEART WALL
56) Column 1: endocardium
Column 2: covers the valves
Answer: overs the valves
Topic: HEART WALL
57) Column 1: epicardium
Column 2: layer next to pericardial cavity
Answer: layer next to pericardial cavity
Topic: HEART WALL
Match the components of the conduction system of the heart in Column 1 with the descriptions in Column 2.
58) Column 1: sinoatrial node
Column 2: pacemaker
Answer: pacemaker
Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
59) Column 1: sinoatrial node
Column 2: sends wave of depolarization throughout atria
Answer: sends wave of depolarization throughout atria
Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
60) Column 1: atrioventricular node
Column 2: located in the interatrial septum
Answer: located in the interatrial septum
Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
62) Column 1: bundle branches
Column 2: carry depolarization wave toward apex of heart
Answer: arry depolarization wave toward apex of heart
Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
63) Column 1: conduction myofibers
Column 2: cause actual stimulation of cardiac muscle fibers in the ventricles
Answer: ause actual stimulation of cardiac muscle fibers in the ventricles
Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
Match the vessels in Column 1 with their descriptions in Column 2.
64) Column 1: pulmonary trunk
Column 2: carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart
Foil: carries deoxygenated blood toward the heart
Answer: arries deoxygenated blood away from the heart
Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
65) Column 1: aorta
Column 2: carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
Answer: arries oxygenated blood away from the heart
Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
66) Column 1: pulmonary vein
Column 2: carries oxygenated blood toward the heart
Answer: arries oxygenated blood toward the heart
Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
67) Column 1: pulmonary vein
Column 2: enters left atrium
Foil: enters right atrium
Answer: nters left atrium
Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
68) Column 1: pulmonary trunk
Column 2: connected to right ventricle
Answer: onnected to right ventricle
Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
69) Column 1: aorta
Column 2: connected to left ventricle
Answer: onnected to left ventricle
Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
Match the ventricles of the heart in Column 1 with their descriptions in Column 2.
70) Column 1: right ventricle
Column 2: receives deoxygenated blood
Answer: receives deoxygenated blood
Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
71) Column 1: left ventricle
Column 2: pumps blood into the aorta
Answer: pumps blood into the aorta
Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
72) Column 1: left ventricle
Column 2: thicker myocardium
Answer: thicker myocardium
Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
73) Column 1: right ventricle
Column 2: pumps blood to the lungs
Answer: pumps blood to the lungs
Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
74) Column 1: left ventricle
Column 2: entrance into this ventricle is guarded by the bicuspid valve
Answer: ntrance into this ventricle is guarded by the bicuspid valve
Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
75) Column 1: right ventricle
Column 2: pumps blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve
Answer: pumps blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve
Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
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****** ** *** HEART SHORT ****** ***** the **** ** ****** **** **** ********* **** ********* or ******* *** question 43) *** ******** left ***** ** the ***** is *** surface projection ** *** _____ ** *** ***** and is located ** *** ***** **** *********** space * ** ** *** **** of the midlineAnswer: ********** ******** *** ******* ********** ** *** ******** The ***** ** the ***** *** ***** disease is called ************ **************** INTRODUCTION 45) The *********** cavity ** ***** ******* *** ********** *** *** _____ ***** ** *** ****** ****************** ************** **************** *** ******** *** ********* interventricular ***** are ******** ******** **** **** *** ******** ** the ***** ****** *** heartAnswer: **************** ************ ******** ** *** ********** ** ***** ***** *** connected ** strong ***** ****** ***** ** _____ muscles ** *** ***** ** *** ***************** ******* ********* papillaryTopic: VALVES ** *** HEART 49) The ***** ****** is the ****** ******* ** 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