Throughout the history of the United States, ideas about punishment have remained roughly the same. true b. false Q2. The goal of deterrence assumes...

Q1. Throughout the history of the United States, ideas about punishment have remained roughly the same.

   a. true

   b. false

Q2. The goal of deterrence assumes criminals to be rational.

   a. true

   b. false

Q3. The rehabilitation model of corrections involved recommendations of behavior changes from social scientists.

   a. true

   b. false

Q4. Most states use lethal injection as the preferred method of execution.

   a. true

   b. false

Q5. A determinate sentence means that the defendant determines his own punishment with the assistance of a counselor.

   a. true

   b. false

Q6. Some believe that plea bargaining is unethical because it results in longer sentences than would have been obtained at trial.

   a. true

   b. false

Q7. An example of retribution is the saying, 'an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.'

   a. true

   b. false

Q8. Appeals encourage judges to be careless because they know any improper ruling will be corrected at a future date.

   a. true

   b. false

Q9. All states run their prisons in an identical manner.

   a. true

   b. false

Q10. The behavior of the defendant in the courtroom has no impact on how they are treated by the judge

   a. true

   b. false

Q11. Prior to the nineteenth century, female prisoners were treated no differently than male prisoners.

   a. true

   b. false

Q12. Correctional goals and methods are never influenced by social and political values.

   a. true

   b. false

Q13. During plea bargaining, a multiple-offense indictment is a tactic used by a(n)

   a. judge

   b. prosecutor

   c. defendant

   d. defense attorney

   e. indigent

Q14. Judges are part of the local legal culture.

   a. true

   b. false

Q15. Indeterminate sentences are consistent with rehabilitation.

   a. true

   b. false

Q16. The attitudes and values of a judge influence sentencing.

   a. true

   b. false

Q17. From what population are jury pools drawn?

   a. all residents

   b. registered voters and licensed drivers

   c. homeowners

   d. college graduates

   e. working professionals

Q18. When the goal of punishment is to restore a convicted offender to society through therapy, this is called

   a. Incapacitation

   b. special deterrence

   c. Rehabilitation

   d. Retribution

   e. general deterrence

Q19. Who determines whether a prisoner has a reduction in sentence due to 'good time' for good behavior?

   a. Judge

   b. Prosecutor

   c. state supreme court

   d. prison administrator

   e. governor of the state

Q20. The right of the accused to a speedy and public trial is found in the

   a. Fifth Amendment

   b. Sixth Amendment

   c. Seventh Amendment

   d. Eighth Amendment

   e. Ninth Amendment

Q21. When the commission of a specific crime leads offenders to be required to serve a minimum period of incarceration before release, this is called a(n)

   a. indeterminate sentence

   b. presumptive sentence

   c. mandatory sentence

   d. good time

   e. minimalist sentence

Q22. The War on Drugs has drastically reduced drug use.

   a. true

   b. false

Q23. The Declaration of Principles concerning corrections addressed the issue of female prisoners.

   a. true

   b. false

Q24. For which claimed freedom or right have prisoners been least successful in persuading federal courts to provide protection?

   a. freedom of speech

   b. freedom of religion

   c. right against unreasonable search and seizure

   d. right against cruel and unusual punishment

   e. right to bear arms

Q25. Because jurors are carefully chosen by attorneys for each side, juries never wrongly convict or wrongly acquit any defendants.

   a. true

   b. false

Q26. The period of history when philosophers and reformers challenged the prison tradition with new ideas about the individual, limits of government, and rationalism was called the

   a. Enlightenment

   b. Renaissance

   c. Civil War

   d. Reconstruction

   e. Progressive Era

Q27. Attitudes of judges factor into sentencing decisions.

   a. true

   b. false

Q28. Punishment that uses imprisonment or execution to prevent a person from committing additional crimes is called

   a. Incapacitation

   b. special deterrence

   c. Rehabilitation

   d. Retribution

   e. general deterrence

Q29. Juries are always composed of highly educated members of the community.

   a. true

   b. false

Q30. Which of the following is a valid observation about the orientation and assumptions of lower courts in their attempt to process a large mass of cases?

   a. all defendants will go to trial

   b. the vast majority of defendants will plead 'guilty'

   c. the courts must take extra care to filter out innocent defendants because prosecutors never drop charges

   d. each defendant is entitled to use two weeks or more of courtroom time in a trial

   e. the courtroom assumes an inquisition system

Q31. Only about one percent of habeas corpus petitions are successful.

   a. true

   b. false

Q32. The Quakers of Pennsylvania were instrumental in prison reform.

   a. true

   b. false

Q33. Which of the following statements about the death penalty is true?

   a. the offenders race and sex can be considered as factors when deciding whether to invoke the death sentence

   b. offenders sentenced to death are not entitled to effective counsel

   c. it is constitutional to exclude jurors from capital cases who do not believe in the death penalty

   d. offenders sentenced to death cannot appeal

   e. It cannot be imposed on an offender who was a juvenile at the time the offense was committed.

Q34. Which of the following offenders is most likely to be sentenced under the philosophy of selective incapacitation?

   a. a first-time drug offender

   b. a juvenile offender

   c. a repeat burglary offender

   d. most female offenders

   e. a shoplifter

Q35. Sentencing guidelines provide :

   a. judges with guidance of incarcerated felons

   b. the corrections officers with discretion on incarcerating felons

   c. police officers with discretionary power for arrests

   d. prosecutors with guidance on plea bargaining cases

Q36. Some defendants plead guilty even when they are innocent.

   a. true

   b. false

Q37. In all states, the administration of prisons is part of the

   a. executive branch

   b. legislative branch

   c. judicial branch

   d. jointly run by executive and international branches

   e. jointly run by the judicial and legislative branches

Q38. Sentencing decisions are often based on specific formulas, instead of various factors..

   a. true

   b. false

Q39. The organization of corrections in the United States leaves the primary responsibility for administering prisons with the

   a. States

   b. United Nations

   c. regional governing associations

   d. Towns

   e. Cities

Q40. Private prisons are less flexible than state prisons.

   a. true

   b. false

Q41. Jails are operated locally by elected officials.

   a. true

   b. false

Q42. Which model makes greater use of incarceration, longer sentences, mandatory sentences, and strict supervision of probationers and parolees?

   a. congregate model

   b. medical model

   c. rehabilitation model

   d. community corrections model

   e. crime control model

Q43. In a workgroup, the participants share the same duties and responsibilities.

   a. true

   b. false

Q44. What popular misconception exists about the appellate process?

   a. a large number of criminals are being 'let off'

   b. criminal defendants are no longer permitted to appeal

   c. attorneys participate in the appellate process

   d. the U.S. Supreme Court is considered an appellate court

   e. judges are an ethnically diverse group of people

Q45. Trials are influenced by human processes.

   a. true

   b. false

Q46. Social scientists have been able to measure how many people stopped themselves from committing a crime as a result of the threat of certain punishments being imposed.

   a. true

   b. false

Q47. Judges in France are selected by political processes.

   a. true

   b. false

Q48. What type of policy did federal courts generally maintain with respect to rights of prisoners prior to the 1960s?

   a. 'hands-on'-active intervention for many rights

   b. 'hands-off'-rarely recognize any rights for prisoners

   c. intervention for freedom of speech only

   d. intervention to prevent unreasonable searches only

   e. intervention only to provide medical care

Q49. Private prisons are a billion-dollar industry.

   a. true

   b. false

Q50. The primary function of jails is to

   a. hold persons for less than one year

   b. hold persons for more than one year

   c. hold persons for more than five years

   d. avoid the stigma of prison

   e. keep the inmate closer to home