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Topic Glomerulonephritis Your paper should include the underlined items below as section headings. APA 7th edition Title page: • This is a separate page by itself, with the following information cenTo
Topic Glomerulonephritis Your paper should include the underlined items below as section headings. APA 7th edition Title page: • This is a separate page by itself, with the following information cenTopic Glomerulonephritis
Your paper should include the underlined items below as section headings.
APA 7th edition Title page:
• This is a separate page by itself, with the following information centered in the middle of the page: course title, paper title, student’s name, instructor’s name, and date.
Description of Pathology:
• Start the paper on a new page.
• In this section, you will describe the pathology (statistics about it, background information, etc.). Give as much information as you can about it but be sure it is relevant information and not just filler. It should be a comprehensive introductory section of the condition in one to two paragraphs.
Normal anatomy of the major body system affected: In this section, you will describe what is considered normal anatomy for your particular pathophysiology. For example, if you are discussing a disease related to the brain, explain what is normal for the brain from an anatomical standpoint. You should show comprehensive knowledge of the fundamental concepts and communicate information using scientific vocabulary. There should be little to no discussion of the condition itself in this section.
Normal physiology of the major body system affected: In this section, you will be discussing physiology. Keep in mind that when describing physiology, it isn’t enough to merely provide a list of functions of the body system (Ex: Neurons send signals throughout the body), instead, you need to be able to describe how it does it. The how is the physiology. There should be little to no discussion of the condition itself in this section
Mechanism of Pathophysiology: This section is likely going to be the most in-depth and longest section. In this section, you will explain your particular pathophysiology from a scientific standpoint. In the previous two sections, you explained what is considered normal, in this section, you should describe what the pathophysiology is doing that is causing these issues, how the normal anatomy & physiology is affected/different in a person with your condition. You should show a thorough understanding of the anatomical and physiological changes contributing to the disease. Some good keywords to search for when doing your research might be "Pathology of __________”, Pathophysiology of __________."
Prevention: In this section, you will explain how your pathophysiology could be prevented. This should outline possible prevention protocols, or clearly indicate if none is available based on the current scientific literature.
Treatment: In this section, you will explain how your pathophysiology is commonly treated. Provide possible treatment protocols for the condition based on current scientific literature. Be sure to bring in nursing relevant information and how you might be involved in the treatment of the condition.
Conclusion: Finally you should summarize your findings. All good research papers should include a conclusion where you wrap up and summarize all of the important points made in your paper.
References:
• As with the Title page, this should be a separate page by itself.
• All references should be included in correct and complete APA format.
• All references must be cited appropriately in the paper using APA-style in-text citations.
• A minimum of three reputable sources are required for this assignment
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- ANSWER
Glomerulonephritis
Title Page
**Course Title**
**Glomerulonephritis**
**Student’s Name**
**Instructor’s Name**
**Date**
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Description of Pathology
Glomerulonephritis is a group of kidney disorders characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidney. It can be classified into two main types: primary, which occurs independently, and secondary, which results from systemic diseases such as diabetes or lupus. According to recent statistics, glomerulonephritis affects approximately 1 in 1,000 individuals, leading to significant morbidity and potential progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The condition often presents with symptoms such as hematuria, proteinuria, and edema, reflecting altered kidney function.
The underlying causes of glomerulonephritis are diverse, ranging from autoimmune reactions to infections and drug-induced damage. Understanding the pathology of glomerulonephritis is essential for early diagnosis and intervention, which can significantly influence patient outcomes.
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Normal Anatomy of the Major Body System Affected
The kidneys, paired organs located in the retroperitoneal space, are crucial for maintaining homeostasis and filtering blood. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, which are the functional units responsible for urine formation. The glomerulus, a network of capillaries within the nephron, is surrounded by Bowman's capsule and plays a key role in blood filtration. In healthy kidneys, the glomerular structure maintains a selective barrier, preventing the passage of large proteins and blood cells into the urine while allowing water, electrolytes, and small molecules to pass through.
The renal vasculature, including the afferent and efferent arterioles, regulates glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is essential for kidney function. The renal cortex and medulla also contribute to the overall functionality of the kidneys, supporting processes such as electrolyte balance and acid-base homeostasis.
Normal Physiology of the Major Body System Affected
Normal kidney physiology involves several processes that ensure efficient filtration and excretion. Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arterioles, where it is filtered under pressure. The filtration barrier, composed of fenestrated endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes, selectively permits the passage of water and solutes while retaining larger molecules like proteins.
Once filtrate is formed, it travels through the renal tubules, where reabsorption and secretion occur. Approximately 99% of the filtered water is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, while electrolytes such as sodium and potassium are also selectively reabsorbed or secreted based on the body’s needs. Hormonal regulation, particularly by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), plays a critical role in maintaining blood pressure and fluid balance.
Mechanism of Pathophysiology
In glomerulonephritis, the normal structure and function of the glomeruli are disrupted, leading to inflammation and damage. This inflammation can result from immune-mediated mechanisms, where antibodies target glomerular antigens, or from deposition of immune complexes. The inflammatory process causes alterations in glomerular permeability, allowing proteins and red blood cells to leak into the urine, resulting in proteinuria and hematuria.
As the condition progresses, glomerular sclerosis and fibrosis can occur, further impairing filtration capacity and leading to decreased GFR. The renal tubules may also be affected, contributing to electrolyte imbalances and metabolic waste accumulation. Chronic glomerulonephritis can ultimately lead to ESRD, necessitating renal replacement therapy.
Prevention
Preventing glomerulonephritis involves addressing risk factors and underlying conditions. For instance, managing chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension can significantly reduce the risk of kidney damage. Vaccination against infections that may lead to secondary glomerulonephritis, such as streptococcal infections, is also crucial. Additionally, lifestyle modifications, including maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding nephrotoxic substances, can help reduce the incidence of this condition.
Treatment
Treatment of glomerulonephritis primarily focuses on addressing the underlying cause and managing symptoms. Immunosuppressive therapies, such as corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents, are often employed in cases of autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be prescribed to control hypertension and reduce proteinuria.
Supportive care, including dietary modifications to limit protein intake and managing fluid balance, is also essential. Nurses play a critical role in monitoring patients for signs of complications, educating them about medication adherence, and promoting lifestyle changes that can improve kidney health.
Conclusion
In summary, glomerulonephritis is a significant kidney disorder characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, leading to impaired renal function. Understanding the normal anatomy and physiology of the kidneys is crucial in recognizing the pathophysiological changes that occur in this condition. While prevention strategies exist, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are vital for improving patient outcomes and preventing progression to ESRD.
References
- [Include your references here in correct APA format]