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week three assignment psy640
Discipline Based Literature Review
In this assignment you will choose three general topics of interest to you related to psychological assessment from the list below.
- Infants and preschool-aged children
- Children ages 5 through 12 years
- Children with neurodevelopmental disorders
- Neuropsychological assessment of adolescents
- Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
- Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- Adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- Adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- Intellectual assessment of adults
- Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
- Individuals with obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
- Individuals with intellectual disabilities
- Individuals with autism spectrum disorders
- Individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder
- Individuals with depressive disorders
- Individuals with neurocognitive disorders
- Individuals with hearing impairments
- Individuals with visual impairments
- Gifted individuals
- Individuals who have served in the military
Research five peer-reviewed articles in the Ashford University Library that were published within the last 15 years, including a minimum of one article for each of your three chosen topics. In your paper, begin with an introduction that describes the role of assessment in diagnosis and treatment. Using your researched articles, compare at least two psychological or educational tests and/or assessment procedures for each of the topics chosen. Analyze and describe the psychometric methodologies employed in the development and/or validation of the tests and/or assessment procedures associated with each of the three topics. Debate any relevant approaches to assessment of the constructs being evaluated by any tests and assessments you described. Include an analysis of any challenges related to assessing individuals from diverse social and cultural backgrounds for each of the three topics. Conclude by evaluating the ethical and professional issues that influence the interpretation of testing and assessment data. You may cite from your textbook to assist you in the development of your introduction and the conclusion of your paper; however, the textbook cannot count as one of the five required peer-reviewed articles.
Writing the Literature ReviewThe Literature Review:
- Must be 6 to 8 double-spaced pages in length (not including title or references pages) and must be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
- Must include a title page with the following:
- Title of paper
- Student’s name
- Course name and number
- Instructor’s name
- Date submitted
- Must begin with an introduction that describes the role of assessment in diagnosis and treatment.
- Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
- Must end with a conclusion that summarizes your evaluation addressing the current use of psychological tests and the role of assessment in diagnosis and treatment.
- Must use at least five peer-reviewed sources published within the last 15 years, all of which come from the Ashford University Library.
- Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.
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**** ******* ************ ***** *** **** **** ******* ******** ******* **** believe ** suffering **** schizophrenia ******** *** **** ****** ** ****** **** suffers from ************* ** ***** ****** members ****** Anne and Philip ****** ****** **** ****** diagnosis ** ************* ** ********** **** ************ *********** in ***** ********* *** changes ** ******** neurotransmission *** ****** being ******** ******* ** ************** and ************** ** ******** that can ** **** **** ***** **** ************* is **** * ********** disorder Different ******* **** **** done to show ******* ********** traits ** ******* ***** ***** ******** *** ** * ***** *** also predict ** * ***** ***** ****** **** ************* ** the ***** was **** **** ***** ****** ***** ***** *** because of increase in mutation ** * ******* age in the **** that ******** a *** sperms ********* ***** ** ***** to ******** ************* different five ********* ********** are looked ** and *** ******** ** ***** ********** can ** distinguished the categories ** ********* ******** *** ***** on *********** *** *********** of ***** delusions *** ******** of ******** *** presence ** depression *** *********** ** ********* *** ******* **** ** these *** ****** with ****** **** ****** **** ******* ******** ***** is an ******* of the *** ********* **** *** shown in *** ********* *************** IndicationBased ** ******** *** type of ******* that can ** **** **** ** provide ********* for a ****** **** ** schizophrenic ***** **** to ** ********* on the person Everyone **** ** different *** depending ** **** ***** ** *** disorder **** are ** some **** ** more ********* **** ****** At ***** *** ** *** *********** ********* **** work ****** ** improving *** ********* ** *** ******** for * ****** *** ********* such * *************** different people body ****** ** *** same ********** in the **** *** ** **** ***** medication ***** **** *** * ****** would be ***** on *********** ** * ****** ** **** *** looking ** *** ******* in ******** ** **** ****** *** alternative therapy ** psychological treatment ** also good ** **** ******* ** involves people **** **** about those **** suffer from the ******** ***** *** **** it easier *** patients ** ******** **** **** ******* *** ****** ********* them ******* ************* ********* ***** ** an individual **** **** ** a ***** *** ** focus ** *** ***** *** steps **** *** be ****** ** try *** ******** ******* ******** of ** ********** **** *** ******** depending on *** symptoms **** ****** **** *********** *** **** ******* ** **** in ******** *** ******** ** * ****** **** ************* and ***** **** ******** in ****** environment ******* ************* ********** **** reduce ************** *** ******** which ** **** ways *** **** * person back **** *********** ******** ***** ****** ******* of ******* thoughts **** will haveAnderson ****** *********** defines ************* ** * **** ******* ****** ******** characterized ** ********* ********** ******** hallucinations *** *********** bizarre ********* *** **************** disorder ** *********** ********* ** the *********** ************* ***** *** ******** ************* *********** ***** reduces *** ******** *** ******** ******** ******** may ********** ********* ***** The medication **** list ******** ********* olanzipine *********** ziprasidone *** ************ of *** atypical ************* *********** (Anderson ******** ************ *** ********* ** drugs **** ********* or reduce symptoms ** schizophrenia has a ************* ****** ** *** ********* for the ******** ********* ***** Although the ************ **** ***** ** ***** schizophrenia have ****** ********** symptoms **** resemble Parkinson’s disease ***** ******* *** lack ** ****** ********** ******** ** movement *** weakness (Anderson ***** **** symptoms **** develop ** ******** *** temporary (Anderson 2002) Unfortunately in ********* of ******** **** **** *** ******* ****************** ***** * **** serious **** effect developed **** *** ***** **** ***** *** ** ******** period of **** ********* ***** **** schizophrenia *** ******** *** *** ** ******** ** *** ******* ** occur after ***** severe damage **** ** encephalitis ***** trauma *** **** ****** ********* ***** ********** ******* ***** *********** ** Treatment *************** ****** ***** prefer *** use ** * prescribed specialist ** ********* ********** along with ********** ******* to assist **** *** *********** understanding *** **** of all ********* *** ****** ***** approach *** ******* with the disorders **** **** ******* and knowledge *** ****** ***** ** open ** questions and ****** ******* ** abundance of *********** ** *** ******* for ************** the ****************** ************* of disordersThe ****************** ********** of ******** (2008) underlie *** seizure onset termination ****** *** *** resistance ** *************** ********* ******* ******* ******* *** frontal **** dysfunctions as *** ******* ****************** ******* ** ******** support *** ********** of ****** *** ********* (2017) ******** and public ************* ** the relationships ******* ************ mechanisms of ************* ****** and non-epileptic ******** **** ******* the treatment efficacy *** ******* patients’ ********* and ********* *********** ************ ********* ******** ******** ******* ** schizophrenia ********** *********** ******* ********* hallucinations and ******* ********* ********* ***** *** ******** *** related ** the ***** ********* of ************ ******** ************* (Anderson 2002) *** ********* *** ******** ******** of ************* *** ********* *** positive ******** *** uniquely known to ************* *** cognitive and negative symptoms *** ********* ** ******** ******** ** brain ****** Research ******** that these ******** of schizophrenia *** ****** * ****** ** brain ************* ********* **************** ** ************ ********* toward *** ********** *********** contemporary ******** ****** schizophrenia **** research discoveries emphasis ************ ******* as * ***** of ************* and *** ********* ** ************ medication ********* ***** ******** ********** studies *** required ** ********* to **** extent *** *********** and ******** **** ***** therapeutic ********** ******* employed by ************* ************* stronger stigma ********** are ***** ***** *** access *** attributable to ******************** ** available (Wechsler 2008)This ***** ********* *** select ************ ************* and ****************** ******** which ******** seizure disorder anxiety ******** *** ************* **** ***** ******** *** contrast the *********** interventions **** to treat **** ******** **** ***** ********** ****** ******** ********** **** **** ******** *** *** ********* **** ***** ******** *** ****************** ************* ** *** ******** ********* **** ***** ******** *** ************ ********* ****** the ********** for each selected ********* * ************* ******* 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****** ********* ***** neuropsychology **** ************* * W ****** ******** ********** ** child *** ********** ************ Springer ******** ******** *********** * * ***** Ledbetter * * ****** Chromosomal Microarray Testing *** ******** **** Unexplained ****************** ********* **** 317(24) ***************** * ****** ******** ***** ************ scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS–IV) *** Antonio TX: *** ******* ** *************** **** ***** ********** ******** **** Institution *********** ********** ******************************************** ************ ********** DisorderNeurological ********* can ** ************** *** neurodevelopmental Neurocognitive ********* can affect ****** ********* ******** language ********** and social ********* In ******** ********** *** ************ ** ** individual ** **** ** ********** with * ************** disorder ********** **** *** ** **** ** drive a *** ****** who friends *** ********* are or ******** ***** **** as ******** ** ****** ***** Children with ****************** ********* ***** **** ************ **** ****** *** ******** ***** skills behavior ****** ******** ** ***** ************ ********* In ******** ******* ******** ******* ***** ***** ******* ******* ********** ********** ******** *** social ************ ********* ***** *** ********* ********* ** how ** ********** **** think ** ****** *** ********** ****** ****** ********* ***** Wechsler (2008) suggest **** *** *** *** *** ******* occurrence ** *********** ********* with ****** ****** problems *** ********** ******** *** ****** disorders ** *** ***** nerves *** spinal **** that work ******** throughout *** body ********* ***** ** ********* ***** are ** ***** *** noted ********* ********** ******** *** ********* ********* ***** The ****** ************ ******** ******** ** *** following ***** ** ************* ***** is considered ************ ************* *** ****************** *********** selected ****************** ******** ******** to elaborate ******* ** ************* *** ****** ******** *** contrasts each disorder ***** *********** ************* that include ********* *************** *** ** *********** *********** ********* Around the world different ****** ******* from ********* types of ******** **** affect their ******* ** **** ****** ****** ***** ****** ****** ***** ******* ** function *** ** normal ****** ***** are ********* ******** *** ********* ********* *** some ***** ****** ******** In ******** ********* ******** ****** use ********* ***** of *********** ************* ** **** **** * person ****** **** * certain disorder get ****** *** minimize ******* *********** disorder **** *** **** affecting ***** one ******* of *** world population ** ************* ********* ***** Martin *** Ledbetter ****** ******** **** ************* is ***** *** ** *** **** mysterious *** ********* ****** ********* ** ***** ** ***** ********* *** ******** *********** ************* ** * ******* mental ******** *** *** many symptoms **** cause people *** ** function normally if **** **** ** **** ** ***** to ************* symptoms *** ***** **** the ********** ***** ** * ****** early adulthood *** ******** of **** disorder *** *********** **** ***** ********* ********** ***** ********** are positive ******** *** ********* Within **** ******** ********* ******** ** ************* *** ****** **** ** *** ******** ******** ***** **** ****** from ************* would **** ************* ******** thoughts and ** delusional ********* ****** ****** suffering from ************* **** **** disorganized ******* *** would **** ***** words **** do not make *** ***** * ************* ****** would ** ********** *** think that ****** or ****** ** ****** *** forming against **** *** **** ** **** **** ********* ***** **** may **** **** voices ******* ** them ***** in ***** **** *** ***** ** ******* them who ** ******** ******* **** and **** **** **** ** do ** **** *** ******** ******** of ************* include **** ****** social ********** **** ** initiative *** *********** flattered emotional ******** *** *** ********* ** have ****** ******** ******************** symptoms are ******* ***** different ** ****** **** patient to ******* ********* ******** *** ******** ******* ** *********** in ******* ******* of the ****** brain ******* ** **** ****** **** ************* **** ********* **** ****** ********* ***** ******** ******** *** ******* solving *** **** they *** ******** ** ******** and memory *** ***** ability ** ** certain simple ********* *** low ******* ***** ******** *********** ****************** *** ********* **** **** ***** ********* **** ************* *** be ******* Three ********* ***** of ********* that *** **** ** **** ***** ********* **** **** ******** *** ********* therapy pharmacological ******* *** *********** therapeutic treatment *** ********* ******* **** ** ***** ** ***** ********* **** ************* ** ********* behavioral ******* Different ********** that *** **** ** ********* ******* ******** **** * ****** ******** *** ******* distorted conceptualization underlying *** ********** of hallucinations *** delusions (Martin ***** Ledbetter ***** ******* *** shown that because ** ********* ********** therapy those **** *** ************* **** become **** ********* *** *** **** ** function ******** among ***** ****** ** ****** eventCognitive ********** ******* **** ** ****** *** ******** symptoms ** *** ******** It is **** shown ********* **** ******* with ***** medication *** the disorder ***** *** ******* techniques that are used ** ********* behavioral therapy to **** ******* * ****** suffering from ************* ******** (2005) ***** that “Some ** *** key ****** ** ********* ******** ******* ******* ** ********** * *********** ******** ***** ** *** patient's *********** 2) ********** *********** ************ ** ************* ******** ** ******** *** impact ** ******** and ******** symptoms *** ** ******** ************ ** *** ******* ***** ** ******* medication adherence There ****** ** a ******* amount of therapy ******* **** a ******* ****** ** **** ** *** ****** ************** **** ** therapy **** ** used ** **** ***** ********* **** schizophrenia is *************** ******* “The ********* pharmacological ********* *** ************* antipsychotic ********** ******* *** ******** ** positive symptoms such ** hallucinations *** delusions” ********* ***** **** it ***** to ************* * *** ****** **** **** have ** **** ******** *** positive ******* ** *** ******** ** ******* Antipsychotic ***** *** ***** ** be *** primary pharmacologic ********* *** ***** suffering from schizophrenia *** ** the most ********* *********** **** **** ***** with ************* is ******** Antipsychotic **** These ***** of drugs *** ***** ** ** **** ********* with **** the negative *** ******** ******** ** ***************** such as Clozapine with *** ******* daily **** ** 200 ** ** used ** ***** ***** **** suffer **** ***** ********* and ******* ************* ******** ********* ***** Some side ******* ** **** ********** *** dry mouth weight **** *********** *** ************ ********* types ** ************* ********** *** ******* ** people suffering *** disorder *** the effect it **** ** a ****** ******* ** *** ********** What *** **** *** one person *** not **** *** the other When ***** treatment *** positive ******** are *** ***** ** ******* Some improve within a *** or *** *** at ***** ****** ***** ******** **** ************** *** delusions will **** ** to ***** three ****** ** improve ********* ************ people *** ****** differently to certain ***** ** ***** ***** *** ** changes ** ********** depending on how * ****** **** ****** ** that drug ** the case ** * person ********* **** **** ******** s is **** *** that ****** ** ******** ****** medications ************ ********* ********** ******* ******* ** * ****** **** **** medication ***** ** * medication *** ********* and ** ** **** ** *** ******* dosage to ******* ******* ** a ************* ********* *** *************** ******* *** schizophrenia ***** *** ***** ***** of *********** ********* *** ** ************* ********* *** ************* ****** **** type ** ********* ********* ******* *** ****** for ***** **** *** **** **** *** and also ******** *** ********** ***** Psychological treatment also ********** family ************ to those **** are ********* **** the ******** Depending ** *** ****** of ** ********** ******* **** *** ******* a ****** **** ** treatment ********* ** ******** ****** *************** ********* *** not “work” if **** **** is narrowly ******* ** ********* ** acute episodes *** ******** ********** ** ******* ************* and *********** In **** type ** treatment where family intervention ** ******** ** is **** ********* because *** ****** *** ** ***** **** ***** the disorder and *** **** ** ******* **** *** *** person **** *** schizophrenia ****** ******* ********* ****** ******** ***** diagnosisDepending on * ****** case **** **** *** ********* ****** ** *** they help a ****** **** *************** ********* ** * ****** stop taking ** **** may ****** from ******* ***** will cause them to have symptoms **** ad behave * certain **** Cognitive therapy ** good ******* ** ********* session and ********* each patient ** **** **** to ****** ******* certain ******** they may have ** *** *********** therapy **** *** **** **** *** ***** *** **** ***** ********* ******** **** ** ****** on **** ******* ************ ***** *** **** **** ******* diagnose someone **** believe is ********* from ************* ******** has **** ****** to ****** that ******* **** ************* ** ***** ****** ******* ****** **** and ****** ****** ****** **** ****** ********* ** ************* ** associated **** ************ alterations in ***** ********* and changes in ******** ***************** *** ****** being ******** related ** ************** *** delusionsThere is evidence **** *** ** seen **** ***** **** schizophrenia ** **** a ********** ******** ********* ******* **** **** **** ** **** certain ********** traits to support ***** facts ******** *** ** * ***** *** also predict if * ***** would ****** **** schizophrenic ** the child was **** **** ***** ****** ***** ***** and ******* of ******** in mutation ** * ******* *** ** the cell that ******** * man ****** (Anderson ***** ** ***** to ******** ************* different **** ********* ********** *** ****** at *** *** criteria ** ***** ********** can ** ************* *** ********** of ********* ******** are based ** dysfunction *** *********** ** ***** ********* *** ******** ** ******** *** ******** ** ********** *** association of substance *** Because **** ** ***** *** common with people that ****** **** ******* disorder ***** ** an overlap ** *** two ********* **** *** shown ** the diagnosis processResearch IndicationBased ** ******** *** **** of ******* that *** ** **** **** ** ******* ********* *** * ****** that ** ************* ***** have ** be ********* ** *** ****** ******** case is ********* *** depending ** **** ***** of the ******** **** *** ** **** **** ** **** effective **** ****** ** ***** two of *** therapeutic ********* **** work ****** in improving the condition ** the ******** *** a ****** *** ********* **** a pharmacological ********* people **** ****** to the **** ********** ** *** same *** To know ***** medication works **** *** * ****** would be ***** on observation ** * period ** **** *** ******* at the ******* ** ******** ** **** ****** *** *********** ******* ** psychological ********* ** also **** ** **** ******* ** ******** ****** **** **** ***** ***** **** suffer **** the ******** ***** *** **** ** ****** *** ******** ** ******** **** **** ******* and ****** observing **** Because ************* ********* ***** ** ** ********** **** **** ** * great *** to ***** ** *** issue *** ***** that *** ** taking ** try *** ******** certain symptoms of an ********** with *** ******** ********* ** *** ******** they suffer from *********** *** **** ******* it **** ** ******** the ******** ** * ****** **** schizophrenic *** ***** **** ******** ** ****** environment ******* antipsychotic ********** help reduce hallucinations and ******** ***** ** many **** *** **** a ****** **** from *********** normally ***** others ******* ** ******* ******** **** will ************ (2002) technically ******* ************* ** a **** ******* ****** ******** characterized ** ********* ********** thoughts ************** and often-times bizarre ********* *** **************** ******** is *********** ********* ** the *********** interventions using *** ******** antipsychotic *********** ***** ******* the ******** and ******** ******** ******** *** ********** (Anderson ***** *** medication **** list ******** clozapine ********** *********** *********** and aripiprazole ** *** atypical antipsychotic *********** ********* ******** ************ *** ********* ** ***** **** eliminate ** reduce ******** ** schizophrenia *** a ************* ****** ** *** ********* *** *** ******** ********* ***** Although *** historically used ***** to ***** ************* **** ****** ********** symptoms **** ******** Parkinson’s disease ***** include *** lack of ****** expression ******** ** ******** *** weakness ********* ***** **** symptoms **** develop in ******** *** ********* (Anderson ***** ************* in ********* ** patients **** **** *** classic anti-schizophrenic ***** * **** ******* **** effect developed when the drugs were taken *** ** extended ****** of **** ********* 2002) **** schizophrenia *** disorder *** *** ** ******** ** *** ******* ** ***** ***** ***** ****** ****** such ** ************ ***** trauma and head ****** (Anderson ***** Author’s ******* & *********** ** Treatment *************** ****** ***** ****** *** *** ** * prescribed specialist or ********* ********** ***** **** continuous ******* ** ****** **** *** *********** ************* *** **** ** *** ********* The ****** ***** approach *** ******* with *** ********* with **** ******* *** ********* *** author ***** ** **** ** ********* and ****** ******* ** ********* ** information ** the ******* for clarityAnalyze *** ****************** Underpinnings of ************ neurophysiological ********** ** ******** ****** ******** the seizure onset *********** ****** and *** ********** ** pharmacological treatment ******* ******* unknown The frontal **** dysfunctions ** *** ******* neuropsychological ******* in patients ******* *** ********** ** ****** *** Ledbetter (2017) ******** *** ****** ************* of the ************* between ************ ********** of ************* issues *** ************* seizures **** ******* *** treatment ******** and ******* patients’ ********* *** cognitive functioning ************ ********* ******** ******** ******* of ************* ********** *********** ******* ********* ************** *** ******* disorders ********* 2002) *** ******** *** ******* ** the ***** ********* ** ************ neurons: ************* ********* ***** *** ********* and ******** ******** of ************* *** ********* *** ******** ******** *** ******** ***** ** ************* *** ********* and negative symptoms *** relatable to symptoms produced ** ***** ****** ******** suggests **** ***** ******** ** ************* *** ****** a ****** of ***** abnormalities ********* **************** ** ************ Attitudes ****** *** ********** *********** ************ ******** ****** ************* **** ******** *********** ******** ************ ******* ** a ***** ** ************* *** *** ********* ** psychotropic ********** (Kamphaus ***** ******** additional studies *** ******** ** ********* ** what ****** *** respondents and ******** **** ***** *********** ********** ******* employed ** ************* ************* ******** ****** ********** *** ***** ***** *** ****** *** attributable ** ******************** ** available (Wechsler ********* ***** ********* *** ****** ************ ************* *** ****************** ******** which includes seizure ******** ******* ******** *** ************* **** paper compares and ******** *** *********** interventions **** to ***** **** ******** **** paper identifies common ******** ********** **** **** disorder *** *** ********* **** ***** ******** *** ****************** ************* ** *** ******** ********* **** ***** examines *** contemporary attitudes ****** the ********** *** each ******** disorders A ************* ******* ****** among ********* ****** Different ***** of ********* **** as cognitive pharmacological and ************ therapies **** those **** *** disorder ******** ****** ** ***** **** **** *** ********* ******** **** an individual **** better results ** *** **** they function normally ***** ***** ************* ************ ******** *** ********* *** ***** are no ***** ** *** brighter **** of ****** treatments *** ********* ** **** ** ********** ********* **** *** neurological ******* ***** ** ******** being ********* *** hopefully *** *** ***** **** ** ******** to *** slow *** ***** ** * **** *** ********* for ****** ******* *** *** ***** ** **** may **** ***** loved ********************************* **************** Anne ***** and Philip * ******* "Cognitive behavioural ******* *** children *** *********** **** ******* ********** ******** ******** ********* International review of ********** ** ** 2 (2002): 129-134Anderson * (2002) ********** *** *********** of ********* ******** **** ****** ********* ***** *************** **** ************* * * (2005) ******** assessment ** ***** *** ********** ************ ******** ******** Business *********** * * ***** ********* * * (2017) *********** ********** ******* *** ******** **** *********** ****************** Disorders **** ******* ***************** D (2008) ******** ***** intelligence ************** ******* (WAIS–IV) *** ******* TX: *** Pearson ** ***