While the daily news contains a wealth of information about vulnerabilities, threats, and hackers, there are still several national cybersecurity

While the daily news contains a wealth of information about vulnerabilities, threats, and hackers, there are still several national cybersecurity concerns about which little is known by the general public.  Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is described by several experts as a low-probability, high-effect event.  First, read the journal article by Dan Dickerson: “No Defense: America’s Growing Vulnerability to an EMP Attack.”  Another low-probability, high-effect threat are "Coronal Mass Ejections, more commonly known as Solar Flares.  Our own sun goes through an eleven-year Sun Spot cycle, with the next maximum Solar Flare activity predicted to occur between 2013-2014.  An "EMP" spike, or either a "Coronal Mass Ejection" magnetic field, can each disrupt or permanently disable power lines and computer circuitry.  They can each fry transformers or overheat transistors. When an EMP event, or a Solar Flare, involves enough high energy, the resulting damage to electronic equipment may be so severe that a re-boot or re-start may not be possible.  The equipment is trashed.   The DOD, and possibly other countries are currently studying design for new energy weapons that can direct EMP against enemy computers.

(1) to what degree should US policy makers should be concerned about a high-effect, low-probability EMP attack, or a powerful Solar Weather event?

(2) describe measures that may mitigate damage to the US power grid; and

(3) measures individuals can take to mitigate the consequences to their personal electronic equipment.

I need 2 or more paragraphs with 2 or references