Write 2 pages with APA style on #1. Project Proposal 10 March Laboratory Preparation of Paint Using Copper Carbonate as the Pigment 1 Introduction Paint is defined as a liquid colloidal suspension tha

Write 2 pages with APA style on #1. Project Proposal 10 March Laboratory Preparation of Paint Using Copper Carbonate as the Pigment 1 Introduction Paint is defined as a liquid colloidal suspension that converts to a solid film after its application to a substrate (Schuerman George and Bruzan Raymond 327). It serves to protect surfaces and change their texture in addition to coloration. All paints contain four essential components, which influence their different application and resistance properties. These components include. pigments, binders, volatile substances and additives.

A binder serves to hold the pigment to the surface. Most binders are polymeric in nature and are either suspended or dissolved in paint by emulsifiers. Natural oils- linseed, tung, and fish were used as binders until the 1960’s (Schuerman George and Bruzan Raymond 327). Currently, alkyd resins, vinyl and acrylic emulsions, epoxy resins and polyurethanes are the primary binders used in paints.

Solvent chosen must be one in which the binder is soluble in and dries evenly. Most emulsion paints use water as the solvent while resin-based paints employ the use of mineral turpentine as the solvent.

Pigments are finely divided, and insoluble powders dispersed in the paint that not only give paint its opacity and color, but also help to hold the paint together as well as protect the surface underneath from corrosion and weathering. Inorganic and organic substances are used as pigments with the inorganic ones being cheaper but with fewer clear colors. The tiny solid particles of pigments (≤ 1µm in diameter) enables them to refract light (light has wavelengths between 0.4µm and 0.7µm).

1.2 Procedure

Material to be used:

Sodium carbonate

Anhydrous Copper II Sulfate

Three 50 ml beakers

Vacuum Filter

Watch glass

Distilled water

Glass rod

Weighing scale

Mortar and Pestle

Egg yolk

Glue

Linseed oil

1.2.1 Preparation of pigment (CuCO3)

1- Weigh 0.858 g of sodium carbonate and put it in a clean 50 ml beaker

2- Add 5 mL of distilled water to the beaker

3- Stir and dissolve sodium carbonate in water to make it saturated

4- Weigh 1.292 g of anhydrous copper (II) sulfate and put it in another clean 50 ml beaker

5- Add 5 mL of distilled water to the beaker

6- Stir and dissolve anhydrous copper (II) sulfate in water to make it saturated

7- Pour both solution in a clean 50 ml beaker and stir

8- Perform Vacuum Filtration

9- Place excess onto watch glass. Allow to dry until to be used in section 1.2.2

The chemical reaction will be as follows:

Na2CO3 + CuSO4 CuCO3 + Na2SO4

The mass of the reactants and the product formed will be calculated using the formulae below

= ______g of reagent

To form 1 g of CuCO3.

Mass of CuSO4 that will react with Na2SO4 will be:

(1 g/1) × (1 mol/123.555g) = 8.094 × 10^-3 mol

(8.094 × 10^-3 mol) × (159.609g/mol) = 1.292g

Mass of Na2CO3 that will react with CuSO4 will be:

(1 g/1) × (1 mol/123.555g) = 8.094 × 10^-3 mol

(8.094 × 10^-3 mol) × (106g/mol) = 0.858 g

1.2.2 Paint preparation

1- Grind pigment to make it fine using mortar and pestle

2- Put equal amounts on 3 different watch glasses

3-Mix the first portion of pigment with glue, the second portion with an egg yolk and the third portion with linseed oil

4- Perform tests for paint quality

Test the paint:

1- Use Atomic Absorption Spectrometer to determine the wavelength (verify whether the color range is accurate

2-Observe paint for any bleeding

3-Observe how long it takes for set of paint to dry.

Works Cited

Schuerman George and Bruzan Raymond. "Chemistry of Paint." Journal of Chemical Education 66.4 (1989): 327-328.