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Write a 2 pages paper on lin200 final. A. MULTIPLE CHOICE D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. Phonomes are variations of the
Write a 2 pages paper on lin200 final. A. MULTIPLE CHOICE D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. Phonomes are variations of the same consonant in a language. It is the same sound, however, something intervenes, like a semi-vowel that changes the vowel into a seemingly different sound. Therefore, [p] and [ph] are modified versions of the same thing. Ph is more or less an ‘f’ because it works to change the sound, however, it is just a modification that comes with the second letter and by convention, this is the general pronunciation that people take up and use in normal practice. Another example is the case of [t] and [th] which is a modification of the same word, but the phonology is improved or changed in one way or the other.
22. B. [p] C. [t] D. [e] E. [t]
23. Though - T͟Hō. Long - lŏng. Blocked - blɑkt. Shout - ʃaʊt
24. Localization is about the examination and study of various parts of the brain that carries out specialized functions in the learning and mastery of language. This is because different parts of the brains carry out various functions and the use of MRI scans and other things show the development of matter around various parts of the brain. Researchers indicate that language acquisition significantly alters the brain and parts of it. The left hemisphere of the brain and right hemisphere have specialized functions they each perform. For example, the Broca’s area is known for syntax learning.
25. Holophrastic stage or one-morpheme stage
26. A. Nonrefundable: non-refund-able. Category – Compounding form adjective. Root – Refund. Bases – Refund (verb), Able (adjective), Non (Adjective). Inflectional Affix: “Non” negating “Refund”. Derivational Affix: the connection of the first two roots with “–able” gives it a state or form.
27. Syntactic Root
28. A. Coordination is a problem with this because crippled and landing are somewhat problematic. There are also topicalization issues and there is also a problem with the pro-form substitution so I think it fails the test. B. There are some coordination issues with this sentence. “Took” does not seem to get along well with “to the garage”. There seem to be some issues with pseudo-clefting in this sentence as well. The sentence is grammatically correct, but has some few gaps.
29. Deep Structure: Whether the mouse was followed into the kitchen by the cat with the big tail or not. Surface Structure:
30. Surface Structure:
31. A. Homonymy. B. Homophony. C. Polysemy
32. Linguistic Relativity: This is the view that the nature and structure of a given language defines the worldview of its speakers. It posits that language and its structure determines the thought of its speakers. An example is the case of languages being specialized in certain worldviews and thoughts and helping to promote certain activities. For instance, Hebrew is structured to ensure that its speakers tilt towards a given worldview of Judaism and Jewish customs.
33. Homographs are words that share the same written form but have different meanings. Clearly, “close” (noun) and “to close” (verb) perform different functions even if they are used in the same sentence. They are homonyms because they serve different purposes and are spelt in the same way (as opposed to Homophones). Yet they bring about a different meaning to the reader or listener of the sentence.
34. A. Pejoration
35. Niger-Congo & Sino-Tibetan
36. Two-tense verbal system and a fixed stress accent
37. 1. Verb strength categorizations. This includes different forms of verb to show state eg sing, sang and sung. 2. The creation of grammatical categories for singular and plural words eg dog and dogs 3. Establishing of linkages between sentence and discourse to agree with number eg. I walk, he walks
38. Sweet – “Swet” [“ee” becomes “eː” instead of “i” in modern English]. House – “Hus” [“ou” becomes “uː” instead “au” in modern English]
39. Idiolectic and Dialect: Idiolect is about an individual’s unique pronunciation and usage of a language. Dialect is a common set of linguistic characteristics that are shared by a group of people.
40. (1) The devoicing of “b” and “d” in words like “cup” for “cu’” (2) Habitual continuative use of the word “be” in tenses for example “he be working Tuesdays” in place of “He habitually works on Tuesdays”.
41. (1) Isogloss is the geographical boundary of a given linguistic form. (2) In the US-Canadian border, there is an example of isogloss and this is seen by 67% of people in Detroit sharing certain pronunciations with Canadians which makes it difficult to identify the isogloss. However, when one goes further west, where there is limited contact between the Canadian southwest and American northwest, there is a clear isogloss that separates Canadian speakers in cities like Vancouver from Americans in Seattle, Washington.
