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You will prepare and submit a term paper on Citric Acid Cycle. Your paper should be a minimum of 2000 words in length.
You will prepare and submit a term paper on Citric Acid Cycle. Your paper should be a minimum of 2000 words in length. CO2 is released as waste. In the next step, NAD+ is reduced to NADH. Lastly, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex attaches the CoA to the acetyl. No ATP is produced during pyruvate oxidation. During this entire process, two NADH’s are used for energy and the net products include two acetyl-CoA and two NADH. These two acetyl-CoA molecules become oxidized by the citric acid cycle. Acetyl-CoA can also be produced by breaking down fats and amino acids.
Fatty acid oxidation occurs in the matrix when a fatty acid is linked to the thiol group of coenzyme A. The acetyl CoA is removed from the fatty acid chain during each round and is fed into the citric acid cycle. This leads to the disassembly of the fatty acyl CoA molecule. Fatty acid oxidation produces one NADH and one FADH2.
Once acetyl Co-A is formed, it is fed into the citric acid cycle, which is also referred to as the Krebs Cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Here, carbon atoms are oxidized and released one by one as waste products and the energy is conserved. This process occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and occurs twice per molecule of glucose.
The two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA is transferred to the four-carbon oxaloacetate compound and forms the six-carbon molecule citrate. The citrate molecule undergoes isomerization which removes water and then adds water back in to move the hydroxyl group from one carbon atom to another. This produces isometric form isocitrate.
This six-carbon isocitrate is oxidized and one molecule of carbon dioxide is removed and the five-carbon alpha-ketoglutarate molecule is formed. Also in this step, NAD+ is reduced to NADH and H+. Next, alpha-ketoglutarate becomes oxidized as carbon dioxide is removed. Coenzyme A is added and the four-carbon succinyl-CoA compound is formed. Here also, NAD+ is reduced to NADH and H+.
In the next step of the citric acid cycle, CoA is removed from the succinyl-CoA compound to produce succinate. This forms a high-energy phosphate linkage to succinate.
