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Many people have high anxiety about visiting the dentist.
Many people have high anxiety about visiting the dentist. Researchers want to know if this affects blood pressure in such a way that the mean blood pressure while waiting to see the dentist is higher than it is an hour after the visit. Ten individuals have their systolic blood pressures measured while they are in the dentist's waiting room and again an hour after the conclusion of the visit to the dentist. The data are as follows:
Person 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Before: 132 135 149 133 119 121 128 132 119 110
After: 118 137 140 139 107 116 122 124 115 103
a) Are these data paired or unpaired? What type of study design was this?
b) What conditions are needed to proceed with inference using this data? What type of plot would be necessary as a check? Perform a basic, quick check to show that the conditions are valid.
c) Calculate the relevant summary statistics from the data? (calculator may be needed)
d) Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the mean change in systolic blood pressure on visiting the dentist. Show all your working.
e) Based on that confidence interval, is there sufficient evidence to conclude that systolic blood pressure has fallen an hour after the visit?
f) Conduct a test of significance (at a significance level of 5%) to determine if there is an increase in blood pressure before visiting the dentist compared to after. Follow all steps clearly and make a clear conclusion
