N (x .) -x .) Z The F-test statistic, f0, applies when we have independent samples each from k Normal populations, N(i, ), note same variance is...

N (x . -x ..) -x ..) Z The F-test statistic, f0, applies when we have independent samples each from k Normal populations, N(i, ), note same variance is assumed. Where did the F-statistics came from? Z Let"s look at this example comparing groups. How do we obtain intuitive evidence against H0? Far separated sample means + differences of sample means are large compared to their internal (within) variability! Which of the following examples indicate group diff"s are "large"?