philosophy 103 logic

1)    Clearly Identify the Specific Informal Fallacy or Fallacies Committed in the following Argumentative Passages :

a)     I admit that I declared 13 children as my dependents on my 2016 tax return, though I have only 3 children. But if you find me guilty of tax evasion, my life or reputation will be ruined, and I may lose my job when I just bought a new house and my wife is due to have another child. _______________________________

b)    Either we require forced sterilization of Third World peoples or the world population will explored and all of us will die. We certainly do not want to die, so we must require forced sterilization. ___________________________________

c)     No one has been able to prove or disprove the existence of extra-sensory perception (as Unicorn, ghost, God). So we conclude that such realities are myths.

_______________________________

d)    Do I believe that you will not be cheating in this exam, since you have always cheated in all the assignments to get a good grade? And don’t you know that cheating in examination is not cool and good? ____________________________

e)     People have been trying for centuries to provide conclusive evidence for the claims about religions and the existence of deities, and we have to accept the truth about religious truths and realities. _____________________________________

f)     If my brother forces you to admit the Sesame Street is the best children’s program on television in those days. Hence, Sesame Street is in fact the best TV show.

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g)    There are more laws on the books today than ever before, and more crimes are being committed than ever before. Therefore, to reduce crime in America we must eliminate the laws. ______________________________________

h)    Murder is morally wrong. This being the case, it follows that abortion is morally

wrong. _____________________________

i)      U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren (from Massachusetts) argues that big banks have been ripping off and stealing from the ignorant and poor American consumers for so many years. But it should be clear to all of us that she says these bad things about advanced capitalism and big corporations in order to scratch-up more campaign contributions from the same gullible consumers. For that reason, no one should take her arguments and politics seriously. _________________________

j)      Whoever uses a knife to cut another person should be arrested and sent to jail. But surgeons use knife to cut people up during surgery or operations. Thus, surgeons should be arrested and sent to jail. ___________________________________

2)    : For these two Categorical Propositions, do the following:

a) ClearlyIdentify the Subject Term and Predicate Term

b) Name the Letter (A, E, I, O)

c) State the Quantity and Quality, and

d) Determine if the Subject and Predicate Terms are Distributed or Undistributed

A)   Some universities and/or colleges that emphasize rigorous research activities as part of the required learning experience are not academic institutions that neglect well-rounded or humanistic/liberal education.  

i)               Subject Term: _____________________________________________________

ii)             Predicate Term: ____________________________________________________

iii)            Letter or Proposition: ______

iv)            Quantity: _____________ Quality: _________________

v)             Distribution: __Subject Term________ and ____Predicate Term__________

                                    (   ) Yes or (   ) No                         (   ) Yes or (   ) No

B)   All active members of the American Medical Association (AMA) who are

interested in the medical profession (as a noble vocation) for the improvement of the human condition and service to humanity are remarkable professionals we all should look up to and emulate as true role models.       

i)               Subject Term: ______________________________________________________

ii)             Predicate Term: ____________________________________________________

iii)            Letter or Proposition: _______

iv)            Quantity: _______________________ Quality: ____________________

v)             Distribution: __Subject Term_________ and ____Predicate Term_________

                                    (   ) Yes or (   ) No                          (   ) Yes or (   ) No

3)    Clearly identify the Syllogistic Rule(s) broken and Name the specific Formal Fallacy or Fallacies committed in the following 10 Passages (10%). For each argument, determine two things: the

i)               Syllogistic Rule(s) broken, and

ii)             Formal Fallacy or Fallacies committed

a)     AAA-2            : __________________________________________________________ 

b)    AOO-1: __________________________________________________________

c)     AAA-4: __________________________________________________________

d)    EOO-1: __________________________________________________________

e)     AOI-2: ___________________________________________________________

f)     AAO-4: __________________________________________________________ 

g)    EOI-3: ___________________________________________________________ 

h)    IIO-4: ____________________________________________________________

i)      EAO-3: ___________________________________________________________

j)      EAI-2: ___________________________________________________________                         

5. : Provide Short and Thoughtful Answers to the following Questions:

a)     Define philosophy, and discuss the major fields: __________________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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b)    Explain a “fallacy,” and give one example of a fallacious argument: __________________________________________________________________

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