This journal is an opportunity to discuss the merits of the articles you selected from the list provided. Your journal response needs to relate to the content in the course and to your personal and pr

This journal is an opportunity to discuss the merits of the articles you selected from the list provided.

Your journal response needs to relate to the content in the course and to your personal and professional experiences, and specifically answer the following:

• What topic or health question did you research, and why is it relevant to public health, nursing, or the health science professions? Give real-world examples to support your answer.
• How can biostatistics help inform decision making around your topic? Support your answer with specific examples.
• Explain why you picked these specific articles to examine over others in the Articles List. Justify your answer.
• Assess each article’s importance to health decision making in your field. Give real-world examples to illustrate your answer
• View the information or document below for an example of the type of information you should include in your response.
•  Overview: This document provides an example of what information is being asked for and how the information for each journal submission can be gathered for easy review. Information is provided for each module where a journal submission is due. Please Note: Article 2 is not featured in this sample review. For this example, the information on one journal article will be provided. You will be comparing two articles for your article review project. For this example, we will use an article about tea and fluoride: Silva Linhares, D. P., Ventura Garcia, P., Amaral, L., Ferreira, T., & dos Santos Rodrigues, A. (2017). Safety evaluation of fluoride content in tea infusions consumed in the Azores—a volcanic region with water springs naturally enriched in fluoride. Biological Trace Element Research, 179(1), 158–164. First, let’s look at what information is provided and where in a research article. The Introduction informs us of why this study was done. It summarizes what is currently known about the topic and sometimes what still needs to be discovered. For our example, the introduction explains that this study was conducted to gain further information on the topic of fluoride in tea, specifically when brewed with naturally fluorinated water. Too much fluoride can lead to fluorosis, a cosmetic condition that affects the teeth. Each specific research question (RQ) that the study hoped to answer should be made clear. In the Methods section, the study design and statistical methods used to analyze the data are revealed. It should be made clear who was studied, how they were selected, what interventions were used, if any, and how, when, and what measurements were taken. Then what statistical methods were used to answer each research question should be clearly addressed. In the Results section, the answer to each RQ is provided. Tables, graphs, and figures are used to visually present the answer to the research questions and to describe the sample that was studied. This section has descriptive statistics, test results, and corresponding p-values. In the Discussion section, the authors describe their results in more detail and try to explain why these results occurred and what they mean. This section should also include any limitations of the study and ideas for future research based on experiences from this study. A short Conclusion should be drawn at the end of the article. It is usually free of any statistics and only made up of two to three sentences. It is the message that the authors want their readers to walk away with. A list of References is provided at the end. These are past studies that were mentioned in the introduction or discussion sections. Module Two I. Background: Use this section to provide a brief context for the health problem, issue, or trend you are researching. Specifically, you should answer the following: A. What topic or heath question did you research, and why is it relevant to public health, nursing, or the health science professions? Give real-world examples to support your answer. B. How can biostatistics help inform decision making around your topic? Support your answer with specific examples. II. Article Selection: In this section, discuss how and why you selected your two articles. Be sure to address the following: A. Explain why you selected these specific articles to examine over the other choices. B. Assess each article’s importance to health decision making in your field. Give real-world examples to illustrate your answer. Background: The topic of fluoride was chosen because fluoride is important for healthy teeth and has been a public heath topic for decades. Communities started adding fluoride to their public water systems about 70 years ago as a way to reduce tooth decay and cavities in a large number of people. Fluoride can also occur naturally in the water. Around the same time, fluoride was added to toothpaste as well. However, many communities have stopped adding fluoride to their water as they are worried about people consuming too much. Biostatistics can be used to prove the effect of adding fluoride to water systems and to toothpaste. We can look at the amount of tooth decay and caries in a population before and after fluoride was introduced in the water or toothpaste. We could also look at if people lose fewer teeth. Smaller studies could be done where we measure variables on a sample of people’s teeth and then have them use toothpaste with fluoride or fluoride drops or drink fluorinated water and then measure these same variables again. We call these response variables or outcome variables. We are looking to see if the use of fluoride changes any of these variables (caries, staining on teeth, fluorosis, loss of teeth, etc.). Article Selection: I picked this article specifically because I drink a lot of tea, and I know that the health of your teeth affects your whole body. I have a bad bite and have been told my teeth may become loose as a result, so getting enough fluoride is important, but it is also important not to get too much. Fluoride is released during tea infusion, so tea drinkers could be at risk of too much fluoride, especially if the water they use is naturally high in fluoride. The use of fluoride is simple way for us to affect the health of an entire population, so it is an important public health program. The more we can learn about the sources of fluoride, the more effectively we can provide public health programs to ensure everyone gets enough fluoride but not too much fluoride. Article 1 Article 2 Full APA citation Silva Linhares, D. P., Ventura Garcia, P., Amaral, L., Ferreira, T., & dos Santos Rodrigues, A. (2017). Safety evaluation of fluoride content in tea infusions consumed in the Azores—a volcanic region with water springs naturally enriched in fluoride. Biological Trace Element Research, 179(1), 158–164. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-0947-9 Purpose of study To estimate the exposure to fluoride in the Azores through drinking tea prepared with water from different volcanic locations Research questions (or RQs— specifically what will be tested or compared) Does the amount of fluoride in tea vary by origin (location) of water? Does the amount of fluoride in tea vary by commercial brand of tea? Does the amount of fluoride in tea vary by brewing time? Module Five III. Findings: This section should highlight the major findings of each of the articles you selected. Specifically address the following: A. What are the findings of each article, and what implications do they have individually and collectively for solving the health problem in question? Support your answer with specific examples from your field. B. Explain how key biostatistical calculations and methods support the conclusions in each article. Cite relevant information from the articles that support your answer. Your long-form response to this table will go in this section. Please remember the table below is to be used to gather your thoughts before responding. Article 1 Article 2 Statistical Methods (see table below for description of each possible test) All RQs deal with comparing the mean of fluoride between groups so the one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests is appropriate. In the article, they only computed the ANOVA to test for a variation in fluoride across locations. PH in the water was also compared across locations, but the Kruskal–Wallis test was used. It is a nonparametric test used when the outcome variable is severely skewed. It parallels the ANOVA. So the distribution of PH is compared across groups, but without using means. In addition, Pearson correlation statistics were used to assess the linear association between fluoride concentration and amount of PH in the water for different tea subgroups. Line graphs were used to assess the effect of brewing time on fluoride. Results (present for each RQ) Note: RQ Results (answers) can be found in Table 1 and Figure 1 of the article. Review to help your understanding, and review your own journal article(s) for similar information of what that study found. Does the amount of fluoride in the tea vary by origin (location) of water? This is the primary RQ of interest. P-values in Table 1 answer this RQ. The amount of fluoride varies significantly between the three locations (p