W7000 Advanced Academic Study & Writing Week 3.2

Assignment 3: Preliminary Thoughts about a Theoretical Framework

Creswell (2009) described the theoretical framework as a rainbow arc, bridging the dependent and independent variables to provide an overarching explanation of how and why the independent variable may predict [or affect] the dependent variable. It will help to review Creswell's definitions of dependent and independent variables [Chap.3, p. 50], which were also pointed out in the M1.A2 Discussion about setting up your potential research questions using the relational model.

To further explain Creswell's rainbow arc metaphor with an example: If the independent variable in a relational research question is types of classroom educational practices and the dependent variable is student success in learning, envision how a theory like Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences could be the theoretical framework or rainbow arc a researcher might use as a possible explanatory link for how one variable predicts the other. In this case, the theoretical perspective is that multiple intelligence theory applied to classroom educational practices could impact student success in learning. Since there are many possible theories that could connect these two variables, can you see how focusing on a single theory might focus this research question?

Another example from your recent article critique: Consider how Langer (2002) used theories about the concept of reflection, under his heading, “The Concept of Reflection in Learning,” as a theoretical/conceptual framework, or lens, as a way to frame the concept of journals as a learning tool for adults (p. 338), citing definitions of reflection from different researchers. He could have taken quite a different approach with different theories, for example, adult learning theories, for his ‘rainbow arc’ to connect the variables that framed the research question for his study.

As you read the literature on your own research topic, look at the different variables researchers have used in their research questions, and note how they have connected relevant theories to focus or frame the relationship between the variables. These are theoretical or conceptual frameworks at work!

The reading assignment for this week includes Chapter 3, “The Use of Theory,” in Creswell (2009), where theory is defined and framed, based on its uses in different kinds of empirical research, i.e. quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Reviewing this carefully can help to give you a useful context for the concept of theory and theoretical framework, as well as his brief definitions of dependent and independent variables [p.50], as mentioned above.

• Discuss why a theoretical framework is important for a research study and in developing a literature review.
• What were the key variables in Langer's study and how did having a clear theoretical framework help Langer (2002) focus his study more effectively?
• Using the article you critiqued in Module 3 Assignment 2, identify the theoretical framework the author used to connect the key variables. Keep in mind that you should typically be able to find the theoretical framework in the literature review section if it is an empirical article.

Post your response directly to the Discussion in a narrative format. Respond to a minimum of two peer responses.

Please make sure you review the elements of the grading criteria and associated points carefully and make sure your assignment has addressed all the elements and in enough detail to merit full points.